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現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)
在日常的學習中，大家都背過各種知識點吧？知識點就是學習的重點。哪些知識點能夠真正幫助到我們呢？以下是小編精心整理的現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，供大家參考借鑒，希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。
現(xiàn)在完成時
一.構(gòu)成：
現(xiàn)在完成時由助動詞have + 過去分詞構(gòu)成，助動詞have 有人稱和數(shù)的變化。第三人稱單數(shù)用 has，其余用have.
現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式直接在助動詞后面加上not、疑問式是把助動詞提到主語之前。以study 為例，其否定式、疑問式和簡單回答形式如下：
二.用法：
1. 現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或影響。
My daughter has just gone out. 我女兒剛出去。
I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我們以前見過面。
She has arrived. 她到了。
2.表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，往往和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的表示一段時間的狀語連用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如：
I haven’t heard from her these days. 這些日子我沒有收到她的信。
We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我們沒有見到你。
They have been away for two years. 他們離開已經(jīng)兩年了。
She has been with us since Monday.
★注意：
since和for的區(qū)別
since后接時間點，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there
for后接一段時間，表示“長達多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。
Exercise: 用since和for填空
1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday.
2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days.
3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days.
4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 oclock.
5. India has been an independent country ______1974.
6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting ______ 20 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years.
8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October.
3.表示短暫意義的動詞如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成時當中不能和表示一段時
間的狀語連用，因為它們表示的動作不可能持續(xù)。因此，不能說：
He has come here for 2 weeks. ×
The old man has died for 4 months. ×
They have left only for 5 minutes. ×
以上三句話可以改為：
He has been here for 2 weeks.
The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months.
They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes
區(qū)別：have been to, have gone to, have been in
have been to,表示去過某個地方，不過現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了
have gone to表示去了，但還沒有回來，也許是在去的途中
have been in指的是在某個地方，從過去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在
Where has he been? 他剛才到哪里去了？（已經(jīng)回來了）
Where has he gone? 他上哪兒去了？（人不在）
They have been to Canada. 他們到過加拿大。（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在加拿大）
They have gone to Canada. 他們到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已經(jīng)到加拿大）
They have been in Canada since then.
用have/has been(to) have/has gone (to) have/has been in填空
A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?
B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.
A: How long ___________ he ___________ there?
B: He _____________ there for three days.
A: When will he come back , do you know?
B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?
B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.
A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place?
B: He _____________ there only once.
1.Where is Jack? He __________ his country.
2.David ________ the park just now.
3. John _______ England since he came back.
4. How long _____ they _____ this village?
5. The Smiths ______ Beijing for years.
6._____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times.
7.I _____ this school since three years ago.
8. Where is Jim? He _____ the farm.
9. When_____ he _____? He _______ an hour ago.
10.Would you like to _____ to the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _____ there before.
11. Where _____ you _____ now? --- I ____ to the zoo.
12.He often _____ swimming.
13. _____ you ______ there last year?
14. _____ they often ______ skating in winter?
選擇填空
( )1.Mrs whites isnt here, she _____ London, she ________ there many times
A.has been to , went B.has gone to , has been C.went to, has gone D.has been to , has gone
( )2.She has__________ Beijing twice .
A.gone to B.got to C.been to D.come to
( )3.—where ___ your father ____ , Li Lei?
____To Beijing
A.have, been B.has, been C.have, gone D.has, gone
( )4.Mr Green isnt in the office , He ______ the library
A.has gone to B.went to C.has been to D.will go
( )5.Mr smith ____ Tokyo and he will be back in a week
A.has been to (B.has visited C.has sent D.has gone to
( )6.They_ China for two years
A.have been to B.have been in C.have gone to D.have come to
.
4.現(xiàn)在完成時不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等連用。例如：
She has already come. 她已經(jīng)來了。
I haven’t read it yet. 我還沒讀過這個。
I have met him before. 我從前曾見過他。
Ma Hong has always been a good student. 馬紅一直是個好學生。
I have often seen him in the street. 我經(jīng)常在街上看見他。
They have never been to Yan’an. 他們從未去過延安。
I havent seen him lately. 我近來沒看到他。
Exercise:
I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.
1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.
2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet.
3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now.
4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.
5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.
6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.
7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks.
8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework.
9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day.
10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet?
11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you.
12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in.
13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree.
14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday.
15. Ive lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere?
II. Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _______ here?
A. come B. got C. arrived D. been
2. My grandpa died _________.
A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years
C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6. 3. Jane has _____ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.
A. been B. gone C. went D. never been 4. It is ten years _____ I last saw her.
A. after B. since C. for D. that
5.--Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? --I will. I _____ her several times.
A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet
6. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it? --Just 2 weeks.
A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had
7.--Do you know Lydia very well? --Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young.
A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned 8. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years.
A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live
9. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?
-- Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to
10. --____ you ever ____ to the US? -- Yes, twice.
A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going
Rewrite the sentences.
1. I have been to Macau before. (改為否定句)
I _________ _________ been to Macau before.
2. He hasn’t co就劃線部分提問)
______ _______ he come to school?
3. I bough a new bike just now. (用just改寫)
I ____ just ____ a new bike.
4. We began to learn English three years ago.(改為同義句)
We ____ ____English ____three years
5. He has never surfed, _______ _______? （改成反意疑問句） (對劃線部分提問)
_______ _______have they been here?
7. The old man _________ last year. He has _______ _______for a year. (die) （動詞填空）
8. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)
Miss Gao has _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.
Ask the questions
1) I have been there for two days.
__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________?
2) My father has lived here since 2000.
_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________? _________ ________ he _________ __________? __________ ___________ they __________ a book?
Use “never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since” to fill in the blanks.
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.
4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”
5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”
用適當?shù)臅r態(tài)填空：
1.She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
2.Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.
3.Both of them ____________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.
4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).
5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ________ you _______(see) it here and there?
6. _________ you _____ (find) your watch yet?
7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No I _________just _________ (have) some orange.
8. We ---- already _________ (return) the book.
9. ________ they _______ (build) a new school in the village?
10. I _____________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?
11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice.
12. I _________ (buy) a book just now.
13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday.
14. My father ___________ (read) this book since yesterday.
5.現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的動作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還會持續(xù)下去。常用for和since表示一段時間的狀語或so far，now，today，this week (month，year)等表示包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的狀語。 eg. He has studied English for 5 years.
He has studied English since 2001.
Now I have finished the work.
注意：表示短暫時間動作的詞，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成時不能與for，since等表示一段時間的詞連用。用來持續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)或表過去重復的動作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自從）或for（經(jīng)歷）引導的詞語連用。
如：I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年。
由非延續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：
arrive →be here
begin(start)→be on
die →be dead go out →be out finish →be over put on →wear 或be on borrow →keep buy →have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) open →be open come back →be back join →be in get to know →know leave →be away 或be a member of… begin to study →study fall ill(sick, asleep) close →be closed come to work →work→be ill(sick, asleep) go to school →be a student
get up →be up go→be(in)
一、 典型例題
�。� ）1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for 20 minutes.
A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away
�。� ）2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.
A. joined B. have joined C. have been in
�。� ）3.The factory ____ since the February of 1988.
A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened
（ ）4.Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000.
A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become
�。� ）5.You mustnt_____ until he comes back.
A. be away B. leave C. be left
（ ）6.The meeting _____ for a week now.
A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over
�。� ）7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.
A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught
�。� ）8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years.
A. has been B. has become C. was D. became
（ ）9. I ______ home for a week.
A. have returned B. have been back C. returned
�。� ）10. How long _______ he ________ ?
A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead
�。� ）11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.
A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept
�。� ）12.He ________ the car for a week.
A. bought B. has bought C. has had
（ ）13.---How long _____ you _____ ill ?
---Two weeks.
A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been
�。� ）14.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.
A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from
�。� ）15.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.
A. borrow B. keep C. take
三、課后練習
[單項選擇]
�。� ）1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they ______whats happened to him.
A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know
�。� ）2、He has _______ been to Shanghai, has he ?
A. already B. never C. ever D. still
�。� ）3、Have you met Mr Li ______？
A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago
�。� ）4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written
�。� ）5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .
—Yes. I hope it will be even ______.
A. has changed; well B. changed; good C. has changed; better D. changed; better （ ）6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
A. was; studying B. will; study C. has; studied D. are; studying （ ）7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew
（ ）8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I ______ it twice.
A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see
�。� ）9、—These farmers have been to the United States .
—Really? When _____ there?
A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone
�。� ）10、—______ you ___ your homework yet?
—Yes. I _____ it a moment ago.
A.Did; do; finished B.Have; done; finished
C.Have; done; have finished D.will; do; finish
�。� ）11、His father ______ the club since 1988.
A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in
�。� ）12、—Do you know her well?
— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago.
A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made
（ ）13、—How long have you ____ here?
—About seven years.
A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived
�。� ）14、Hurry up! The program __________ for five minutes .
A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began
�。� ）15、It _____ ten years since he came Chengdu.
A. is B. has C. will D. was
�。� ）16、Miss Green isnt in the office. She _______ to the library.
A. has gone B. went C. will go D. has been
�。� ）17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been
�。� ）18、He ________ for 2 hours.
A. got up B. has got up C. has been up
�。� ）19、Tom is ill in hospital. He ______ a cold for several days.
A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had
�。� ）20、His grandparents ______ for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university
現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的句子
1、This is the first time I have been here.這是我第一次到這兒。
2、His shoes are dirty.他的鞋子臟了。
3、They haven’t finished yet.他們還沒結(jié)束。
4、They are at home.他們在家里。
5、How many times have you been to Singapore?你去過新加坡幾次？
6、Ive known her for 30 years.我認識她已經(jīng)30年了。
7、My momhas never travelled by air.我媽媽旅游從來沒有坐過飛機。
8、I have bought a new computer.我買了一臺新電腦。
9、Ive been doing my homework.我一直在做作業(yè)。
10、I had thought I could pass the final examination but I failed.我估計我可以通過期末考試，但結(jié)果我沒通過。
11、I’ve just lost my keys.我剛丟了鑰匙。
12、I have fallen in love with you.我已經(jīng)愛上了你。
13、Since when have you planted so many young trees?從什么時候開始你種植了這么多小樹的？
14、She will have finished the book by my next birthday.到我下一個生日為止，她將完成那本書。
15、I have read the novel.我看過這部小說了。
16、I have known him for years.我認識他已經(jīng)好幾年了。
17、They have gone out.他們已經(jīng)出去了。
18、In the past 10 years，there have been great changes in our family life.在過去的十年里，我們的家庭生活發(fā)生了很大的變化。
19、I have bad news. I have lost my job.有壞消息，我丟了工作了。
20、I have been to Singapore 5 times.我去過5次新加坡。
21、Have you read this book?你已經(jīng)讀了這本書嗎？
22、I have been reading the novel.我一直在看這部小說。
23、Ive worked in the same job for the past 30 years.在過去的30年里，我一直在同一個工作崗位工作。
24、I’ve never ridden a horse.我從來沒有騎過馬。
25、Ive been learning the new words.我一直在學習新單詞。
26、My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.從1949年開始，我嬸嬸就一直在一家診所工作。
27、They are going out.他們出去外頭。
28、I have played erhu 7 times a week for 2 years.這兩年來，我每周玩二胡七次。
29、I have never liked other food.我從來沒有喜歡過其它菜。
30、Have you been to Rome?你已經(jīng)去了羅馬嗎？
31、I havent eaten much chocolate recently.我最近沒吃太多巧克力。
32、I am sorry I can’t help you. Jim have asked me to wait for him.抱歉我不能幫你。吉姆讓我等他。
33、He has cleaned his shoes.他已經(jīng)清理好他的鞋子了。
34、What have you been doing? Its two oclock!你剛才在干什么呢？都兩點了！
35、He has had three interviews this month.這個月他有三個面試了。
36、We have been working hard these days.這些天來，我們一直在努力工作。
37、He has been playing the piano since he was six.他從6歲起就一直彈鋼琴。
38、Amy has been playing her radio all morning.艾米整個上午一直開著她的收音機。
39、Hes gone to Spain. 他去了西班牙。
40、Hardly had I reached the school when the bell rang.我一到學校，鈴就響了。
41、He is cleaning his shoes.他在清理他的鞋子。
42、Ive been working in the garden all morning and now Im ready for a drink.我整個上午都在花園里干活，現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)準備好要喝一杯了。
43、I have owned a puppy before.我以前養(yǎng)過一只小狗。
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