篇一:英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用文寫作之通知
應(yīng)用文之通知
通知主要是把一些重要情況告知給相關(guān)的讀者或者聽眾,通知的內(nèi)容就是文章的主體,主要包括通知的對(duì)象,事由,時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),注意事項(xiàng)及要求等;一般來(lái)說(shuō),書面通知都需要有發(fā)出通知的時(shí)間及落款,位置就在正文下方,通常是右下角。其中,可以用比較長(zhǎng)、容量大的語(yǔ)句,這樣可以體現(xiàn)得正式、也可以用短句,節(jié)奏明快,通俗易記。
例1:你們學(xué)校在下周五(11月9日)19:00在校報(bào)告廳舉行一場(chǎng)學(xué)術(shù)講座,主要討論如何有效學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。目前在美國(guó)西北大學(xué)任教的Johnson教授將應(yīng)邀講話。請(qǐng)你寫一個(gè)通知,希望大家踴躍參加。 詞數(shù):60詞左右
academic lecture
effectively/ in an effective way
lecture hall/ auditorium
要點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)換:
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There is going to be a lecture about how to learn English.
We’re going to hold a lecture to discuss ways to learn English.
A lecture about learning English effectively is going to be held at 7 p.m. next Friday.
Prof. Johnson from Northwest University, U.S.A. will give us a speech about effective English learning next Friday…
連句成篇
There is going to be a lecture on how to learn English effectively in the school hall at 7 p.m. Nov. 9th (next Friday). We’ve invited Prof. Johnson from Northwest University, U.S.A. to give us the talk. He is now a well-known expert in the field of language studies. Anyone who is interested is welcome to attend the lecture.
Remember to be there on time.
A lecture to discuss ways of effective English learning is to be held in the school hall at 19:00, Nov. 9th (next Friday). Prof. Johnson from Northwest University, U.S.A. will give us some valuable advice, which will be very useful and helpful to us. And all the students are expected to be present on time.
怎樣寫通知
通知一般用于上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)組織對(duì)成員布置工作傳達(dá)事情及召
集會(huì)議等。通知就其形式而言,可分為書面通知和口頭通知兩種形式.對(duì)通知的考查側(cè)重于對(duì)通知格式及通知正文時(shí)態(tài)的應(yīng)用等方面。寫好一份通知,需要掌握下面三點(diǎn):
一、通知的形式
通知有多種分類。從形式上可分為書面通知(written notice)和口頭通知(announcement)。書面通知用詞正式,用大詞較多,同時(shí),用于書面化,可以使用一些長(zhǎng)句;而口頭通知以言簡(jiǎn)意賅為主要特點(diǎn),用詞表達(dá)較為口語(yǔ)化。
二、通知的結(jié)構(gòu)
通知一般由標(biāo)題、正文和結(jié)尾三部分組成。標(biāo)題部分就是標(biāo)題語(yǔ);正文包括事情、通知對(duì)象、要求、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等;結(jié)尾部分主要包括落款和發(fā)通知的具體日期。英文通知的格式一般是將NOTICE(每個(gè)字母都大寫)寫在通知正文上面一行的正中間。發(fā)通知的日期一般寫在通知正文的左下角。
三、通知的書寫
1.發(fā)出通知的單位和對(duì)象在一般情況下用第三人稱,如要求同學(xué)們按時(shí)到會(huì),不說(shuō)“We must to?”或“You should?”,而應(yīng)寫成:All the students are requested to be there on time. Be expected/ supposed to do.
2.在語(yǔ)言上,口頭通知的句型應(yīng)該做到口語(yǔ)化,多用簡(jiǎn)單句和祈使句,語(yǔ)言上盡可能用精煉的文字表達(dá)明確的信息。通知中提及的事情都是計(jì)劃要做的,時(shí)態(tài)多用將來(lái)時(shí),語(yǔ)態(tài)多用被動(dòng)式。
在句式上,常以“Boys and girls/Ladies and gentlemen”等作為稱呼語(yǔ)。
口頭通知常用的開頭語(yǔ)和結(jié)束語(yǔ),比如:
Attention please!
May I have your attention please?
Excuse me?
Please be quiet, everyone.
Quiet, please. There is something I’m going to tell you.
結(jié)束語(yǔ)
Any questions?
Is everything clear?
If you have any questions, please feel free to contact/ask me. That’s all, thank you!
3.書面通知常以布告形式張貼或?qū)懺诓几媾、黑板上,把事情通知到有關(guān)人員等。為醒目起見,標(biāo)題的每個(gè)字母可以用大寫(如NOTICE)。一開頭需要交代說(shuō)明何事(what)、何地(where)、何時(shí)(when)、何人(who)。
4.在句式寫法上必須注意以下幾點(diǎn):
①盡可能用精煉的文字表達(dá)明確的信息,多用簡(jiǎn)單句或短句、單句,以避免繁雜;
②通知往往著重對(duì)活動(dòng)內(nèi)容、對(duì)象進(jìn)行說(shuō)明,多用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),如“The class meeting will be held?”(班會(huì)將舉行??)等等
③通知是要求下級(jí)成員該做什么或注意什么,多用祈使句; ④通知中所告的事情大部分是未進(jìn)行的,故多用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。
河南省新鄉(xiāng)市2005—2006學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期終結(jié)性評(píng)價(jià)測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試卷 請(qǐng)為你們學(xué)校英語(yǔ)廣播站寫一口頭通知,(100詞左右),要求如下:
1. 英語(yǔ)角定于星期六下午在教學(xué)樓前廣場(chǎng)上舉行,4點(diǎn)開始,大家可就學(xué)生的生活、學(xué)習(xí)自由交談。
2. 湯姆,一位正在河師大就讀的加拿大學(xué)生將參加,他答應(yīng)談?wù)劶幽么髮W(xué)校教育情況。
3. 事實(shí)證明英語(yǔ)角對(duì)我們英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)大有好處。
(通知首句已知)
An Announcement
Attention, please!
范文賞析
An Announcement
Attention, please!
I have something important to tell you. The English Corner is to take place on Saturday afternoon in front of our teaching building. It’ll start at 4 o’clock. You can talk freely with one another about your life and studies
at school. You’re encouraged to speak as much English as possible.
Tom, a Canadian student studying at Henan Teacher’s University (Henan Normal University), will join us. He has promised to tell us something about school education in Canada. I’m sure you’ll show interest in his talk.
The English Corner has proved to be of great benefit to us in our English learning.
Everyone will be welcome. Please come on time.
That’s all. Thank you.
篇二:英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用文寫作之通知
英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用文寫作之通知(Announcement)
通知(Announcement)
通知一般公布即將發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生之事,如宣布舉行各種比賽,放映電影或錄像,舉辦晚會(huì),召開研討會(huì)等等。通知的格式可按書信或備忘錄的形式寫出,一般應(yīng)至少包含以下幾部分內(nèi)容: (1)時(shí)間 (2)地點(diǎn) (3)活動(dòng) (4)其他細(xì)節(jié)
【例一】 ANNOUNCEMENT Lecture on Twentieth century American Literature
Speaker: Mr. Robert Woo
Time: October 28, 2000
Place: Room 504, Audio Visual Center
Mr. Robert Woo, Professor of English language and literature and Director of the Institute for Sino American Studies at Foreign Languages University, specialized in the study of the American literature development. Teachers and students of the English Department are warmly welcome.
English Department Office
【例二】 Announcement
Owing to the speedy expansion of our business, we find it necessary to remove our department store to more spacious premises. We beg to inform our customers that on and after May Day, we shall be at 103 Shanghai Road. You are warmly welcome to our new address.
【例三】 Announcement
The luxury cruise bus to Dallas, Baton Rouge, and Atlanta is scheduled to arrive in Dallas at 1:45 this afternoon. There will be a fifteen minute rest stop at that time. We will have a thirty minute dinner stop in Baton Rouge at 6:45 for those of you who are continuing on to Atlanta. We should arrive in Atlanta at 1:45 tomorrow morning. Please remember the number of your bus for reboarding. That number is 3224. Thank you for traveling with us. Have a pleasant trip!
【例四】 BUS TOUR
We are arranging for a bus tour to the Summer Palace on this SATURDAY, 24th September. The bus will depart from the Beijing Hotel shortly after 8:30 a.m. and will return around 6 p.m., in time for dinner at the Hotel. Lunch will be served at Listening to the Orioles Singing Restaurant in the Summer Palace. There will be quick stops at
Haidian Free Market and Beijing Zoo on our way back. If you would like to join us, please place your name on the sheet on the Notice Board, or tell Mr. Wang Huaide or Xiao Liu at the front desk, and meet in the lobby at 8:30 a.m., SATURDAY, 24th September.
Cordially yours,
(Signature)
Hu Wendi, Tour Guide
【例五】 ANNOUNCEMENT
Because of the rain the swimming competition will not be held at the New Town Swimming Pool as planned. It will be held at the Jackson Sports Center. Buses will be leaving school at 10 to take you to the Center. It’s about a 15-minute ride. You will be returning to school at 3:15 in time to catch your usual buses home.
篇三:應(yīng)用文英語(yǔ)寫作
談應(yīng)用文寫作
英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用文寫作在初中階段主要包括日記、書信、通知、便條、賀卡等,前3種又是中考中常考的文體。解答這類題時(shí),一方面要根據(jù)題目的提示和要求進(jìn)行書面表達(dá);另一方面要注意,應(yīng)用文體(日記、書信、通知等)的不同書寫格式,這也是考題測(cè)試考生的意圖之
一。因此,在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中,要注意知識(shí)的積累,仔細(xì)觀察,多練、多用。再則,書寫時(shí)要確保所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容情景交融,富有文采,語(yǔ)言通順、流暢,語(yǔ)法準(zhǔn)確。
●1. 書信
英文書信與中文書信在格式上差異很大,英文格式分為以下幾部分:
。1)信頭。信頭就是寫信人的地址和日期,寫在書信正文的右上角。順序是先寫地址,后寫日期。地址的順序由小到大。日期的順序是:日、月、年或月、日、年。
。2)信內(nèi)地址。信內(nèi)地址就是收信人的姓名和地址。低于信頭1~2行,寫在書信的左上方,即在稱呼的上方。順序是:先寫收信人的姓名,再寫地址。地址也是由小到大。
。3)稱呼。稱呼就是對(duì)收信人的稱呼。從左邊頂格寫,占一行。稱呼一律在人名前加Dear。如Dear Mary, Dear Mr.Gao, Dear Doctor等。
。4)正文和結(jié)束語(yǔ)。正文是書信的主要部分。下文從稱呼下隔一行開始,開頭空4個(gè)字母的空間。結(jié)束語(yǔ)寫在正文下方的2~3行的位置,從信紙中央偏右的地方寫起。一般用Yours,后加逗號(hào),然后另起一行,寫上寫信人的姓名。
【典型考題例】
假設(shè)你叫王偉,是山東臨清和平路先鋒中學(xué)的學(xué)生。請(qǐng)你給美國(guó)的Mary 小姐用英語(yǔ)寫一封信,介紹一下你校情況。
提示:學(xué)校約有1 500多名學(xué)生、30個(gè)班。教師教學(xué)有方,學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)勤奮,是一所省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)(key school),每年都有80%以上的畢業(yè)生考入各類高校。學(xué)校綠樹成陰,辦公樓和教學(xué)樓坐落其間,是學(xué)習(xí)的好地方。
注意:
(1)用英語(yǔ)書信格式填寫雙方姓名和地址。
(2)通訊地址:美國(guó)新澤西州普林斯頓(Princeton
New Jersey)大學(xué)物理系。
。3)寫信日期:2006年6月7日
答案:
Wang Wei
Xianfeng Middle School
Heping Road, Linqing
Shandong Province
China
June 7, 2006
Mary
Physic Major
princeton New Jersey University
America
Dear Mary,
How are you? I am pleased to introduce our school to you. There are 1500 students and 30 classes in our school. It is one of the key middle schools in the province. The teachers teach well and the students study hard. Every year more than 80% of the senior students are able to go to universities and colleges. A lot of green trees and red flowers grow everywhere in the school and among them stand the office buildings and teachings building. It is really a good place for students to study in. I love it very much. Welcome to our school.
Best wishes.
Yours ever,
Wang Wei
●2. 日記
英語(yǔ)日記通常由書端和正文兩部分組成。
。1)書端。書端是專門載寫日記的日期、星期和天氣的。它被寫在正文上面的左邊,要頂格寫。書端的日期可以先寫月份,再寫日期,最后寫年份。如:January 6, 2004。也可以先寫日期,再寫月份,最后寫年份,如:6 January, 2004。書端的日期可以用基數(shù)詞,也可以用序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式,但后面必須加逗號(hào)。除May(5月)外,其余月份均可縮寫,年份用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字書寫。如:Feb. 8th, 2004或8th Feb.,2004。
書端的星期可以在日期前,也可以在日期后。如:Wednesday(Wed.), February(Feb.) 8th, 2004或February 8th, 2004, Wednesday。
如果要在書端里寫天氣情況,可以簡(jiǎn)寫成Fine/
Clear/Sunny, Cloudy, Snowy, Windy, Rainy等。天氣寫在右上方。
。2)正文。正文的格式與其他文章相象,一般縮進(jìn)4個(gè)字母,也可以頂格寫。由于日記記錄的是已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事,因此常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。
。3)寫應(yīng)試日記注意事項(xiàng)。
、 認(rèn)真閱讀圖文提示,分析重點(diǎn),確定如何寫。
② 仔細(xì)分析文中所需時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài),力求做到語(yǔ)法正確。
③ 注意用好介詞和連詞,使文章簡(jiǎn)練、活躍。
、 復(fù)合句和簡(jiǎn)單句搭配使用,加強(qiáng)文章的可讀性。
⑤ 抓住重點(diǎn),展開想象,拓寬思路,寫好文章的結(jié)尾。
、 格式正確,書寫工整,標(biāo)點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)確,字?jǐn)?shù)符合要求。
【典型考題例】
請(qǐng)根據(jù)如下內(nèi)容提示,寫一篇90詞左右的日記。
內(nèi)容要點(diǎn):11月12日,星期天,晴。你乘公共汽車去商店,在車上看見一位乘客給一個(gè)抱孩子的婦女讓座。你因?yàn)闆](méi)有給那位婦女讓座而感到慚愧,提前下了車。談?wù)勛约簩?duì)此事的感受和今后對(duì)自己的要求。
答案:
November 12Sunday Fine
Today I went to a shop by bus. There were lots of people on the bus. A woman got on the bus. She was carrying a baby in her arms, but no seat was empty. The woman looked a little
disappointed. Just then an old woman stood up and gave her seat to the woman with a baby. The woman with a baby thanked the old woman again and again and then sat down. I just sat beside the old woman then. My face turned red as I thought of that. I felt very sorry for it. I decided to get off at the next stop and I did so.
From that matter I felt that I should be strict with myself and try to do good deeds.
●3. 通知
英語(yǔ)通知與中文通知一樣有兩種形式:一種是口頭通知,另一種是書面通知。
(1)口頭通知的格式
口頭通知采用第一人稱形式傳達(dá),說(shuō)話者必須切合自己的身份,如代表某個(gè)集體或某個(gè)集體中的一員。發(fā)布口頭通知應(yīng)注意以下兩點(diǎn):
、 開頭應(yīng)有稱呼語(yǔ)和引起聽眾注意的開場(chǎng)白。開頭稱呼語(yǔ)常用的有:Boys and girls, Comrades, Ladies and gentlemen。開場(chǎng)白常用的有:Attention, please! Be quiet, please! May I have you attention, please?
② 結(jié)尾應(yīng)給聽眾要結(jié)束通知的信號(hào),常用語(yǔ)有:That's all. Thank you so much for it. Thank you.
(2)書面通知的格式
書面通知通常以布告形式出現(xiàn)。為醒目起見,標(biāo)題的每個(gè)字母一般都大寫。內(nèi)容要遵循“四多一少”原則,即:被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)多,將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)多,簡(jiǎn)單句多,祈使句多,修飾性詞語(yǔ)少。通知要有4“W”,即:what, who, when, where。書面通知一般沒(méi)有稱呼語(yǔ),通常用第三人稱。書面通知由4部分組成:
、贅(biāo)題:在正文上面正中的位置寫上NOTICE或Notice。
②正文: 說(shuō)明通知的具體時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、活動(dòng)內(nèi)容和注意事項(xiàng)。
③ 單位:發(fā)布通知的單位一般寫在正文的左下角。有時(shí)也放于標(biāo)題之下,作為標(biāo)題的一部分。
、 時(shí)間:發(fā)出通知的時(shí)間一般寫在正文的右下角。
【典型考題例】
假如你是一位導(dǎo)游,原定今天帶領(lǐng)外賓去農(nóng)村參觀,由于下雨參觀活動(dòng)延至明日。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)口頭通知外賓今天新的活動(dòng)安排。內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)如下:
。1)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn):上午8:30在賓館門口乘車。
(2)活動(dòng)安排:上午參觀一所具有85年歷史的中學(xué)。下午參觀工業(yè)展覽館,那里展出許多產(chǎn)品,其中有些產(chǎn)品還獲得了今年的全國(guó)發(fā)明獎(jiǎng)。
。3)注意事項(xiàng):準(zhǔn)時(shí)上車,隨身帶好所需物品。如有問(wèn)題,歡迎詢問(wèn)。
注意:1. 通知只需把要點(diǎn)寫清楚,不要逐條翻譯。2. 字?jǐn)?shù)100字左右。
答案:
Attention, please!
I'm sorry to tell you that the visit to the countryside we planned for this morning will be put off till tomorrow because of the rain. Please gather at the hotel gate at half past eight tomorrow morning and then we will take a bus to the countryside. Tomorrow morning we will visit a middle
school, which has a history of 85 years. In the afternoon we will visit an industry exhibition, in which many new products are on show. Some of them won the national prizes for invention. Please get on the bus on time. Can't forget to bring the things you need with you. If you have any questions, you can ask me. Thank you.
【典型考題例】
請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)為學(xué)生會(huì)(The Students Union)寫一個(gè)書面通知,時(shí)間是5月4日,內(nèi)容是:
。1)今天上午10:00在會(huì)議室召開各班班長(zhǎng)會(huì)議。
。2)全校師生下午4:00看電影。下午的課改在1:30開始。
答案:
NOTICE
There will be a meeting for all the monitors in the meeting-room, at 10:00 this morning. All the teachers and students are going to see a film at 4:00 this afternoon. The classes this afternoon will begin at 1:30. Be sure not to be late forschool, please.
The Students Union
May 4, 2006
●4. 便條
便條主要是指留言條和請(qǐng)假條等。留言條和請(qǐng)假條在結(jié)構(gòu)上是一樣的,都由稱呼、正文、簽名和留言日期4個(gè)部分組成。正文部分應(yīng)寫得簡(jiǎn)單、明確。
便條一般寫在紙上,不用信封。格式與書信類似,但簡(jiǎn)化了很多:
、 稱呼后面都用逗號(hào)。
、 結(jié)尾不必像書信一樣寫結(jié)束語(yǔ),署名在右下角。
③ 可以寫日期,位置一般在右上角略高于稱呼的位置,一般只寫星期幾和上、下午或晚上。為了準(zhǔn)確,可以寫具體的鐘點(diǎn),不必寫年、月。
、 語(yǔ)言較口語(yǔ)化。
。1)請(qǐng)假條(Asking for a Leave)
具體來(lái)講,請(qǐng)假條分兩種:病假條和事假條。但無(wú)論哪種請(qǐng)假條,都要寫明請(qǐng)假的原因和請(qǐng)假的時(shí)間。另外,如果是病假,最好隨請(qǐng)假條附上醫(yī)生的診斷證明。
【典型考題例】
假設(shè)你叫Joe,昨天在一場(chǎng)車禍中腿部受傷,現(xiàn)在在醫(yī)院。醫(yī)生說(shuō)你至少要臥床兩個(gè)星期。 請(qǐng)你給班主任高老師寫一張請(qǐng)假條,說(shuō)明這一段時(shí)間不能上學(xué)的原因。請(qǐng)假的日期是10月12日。字?jǐn)?shù)60字左右。
一并附上醫(yī)生的診斷證明。(Enclosed please find the doctor's certificate.)
October12th
答案:
Dear Mr. Gao,
I'm sorry to tell you that my legs were hurt in a traffic accident yesterday. Now I am in hospital and the doctor told me that I would have to stay in bed for at least two weeks, so I can't
go to school these days.
Enclosed please find the doctor's certificate.
Yours,
Joe
。2)留言條(Leaving a Message)
當(dāng)你去找某人,而他不在的時(shí)候,你可以用留言條告訴他你找他的原因。留言條是一種實(shí)用但比較不正式的文體,因此,要言簡(jiǎn)意賅。最后不要忘記告訴對(duì)方留言的人是誰(shuí)。
【典型考題例】
假設(shè)你叫Bill,鐘偉是你的朋友。你們很久沒(méi)有見面。你打電話給他卻沒(méi)有人接,去他家找他,他又不在。所以你就留言約他周日晚上在他家附近的中國(guó)餐館吃飯,讓他看到條子之后給你回一個(gè)電話,你新?lián)Q了電話號(hào)碼,現(xiàn)在的是53768897。
這個(gè)留言條的背景是多次尋友不遇而留言相約,因此有必要把多次到訪的過(guò)程做個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的敘述。另外的重要信息是約會(huì)的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和自己的電話。寫的時(shí)候可以按照這個(gè)順序,但要注意不可逐句翻譯。
答案:
Zhong Wei.
I haven't seen you for a long time. I tried to call you, but there was no reply. I stopped by your house, but you were not there. It is said that the Chinese restaurant near your home is pretty good. What about going there this Sunday evening? We can have a nice chat over dinner. Please call me as soon as you see my message. By the way, my telephone number has just been changed. It is 53768897.
Bill
(3)電話留言(Telephone Message)
電話留言也是便條的一種。電話留言要求信息完整、準(zhǔn)確,語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)單扼要。一般以表格的形式進(jìn)行記錄。
【典型考題例】
請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面的對(duì)話完成后面的表格。
下筆之前,問(wèn)自己幾個(gè)問(wèn)題:
1. Pat為什么要打電話給Jack?
2. 晚會(huì)什么時(shí)間開始?
3. 大家是各自前往嗎?
C = Mrs. Clarke,P = Pat
C:Hello, this is Mrs. Clarke.
P:Hello, Mrs. Clarke, this is Pat. May I speak to Jack, please?
C:Sorry, he's out. Can I take a message?
P:OK, that's very kind of you. Please tell him the party was put off to 5:00 p.m. the day after tomorrow.
C:Will you meet before the pary?
P:Yes. I'll come to meet Jack in your house at 4:30 on that day.
C:OK, I see.
P: Thank you, Mrs. Clarke. Bye!
C: Bye-bye!
答案:
TELEPHONE MESSAGE
FROM: Pat
TO: Jack
DAY: Friday
TIME: 4:00 p.m.
MESSAGE: There is no party today. It'll be at 5:00 on Sunday afternoon. Pat will meet you here at 4:30 on that day.
篇四:英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用文寫作全攻略
英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用文寫作全攻略
[知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)]
應(yīng)用文是初中英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá)的主要題型之一,是人們?cè)谌粘I睢⒐ぷ骱蛯W(xué)習(xí)中經(jīng)常運(yùn)用的文體,包括書信、電子郵件、通知、廣告、日記等。
寫應(yīng)用文,首先要明確自己想要表達(dá)的要點(diǎn);其次要掌握格式,行文準(zhǔn)確。各種不同的應(yīng)用文體要使用不同的格式來(lái)表達(dá)。要注意用簡(jiǎn)潔的語(yǔ)言把該表達(dá)的人物、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、事件交代清楚。盡可能用你最熟悉的最有把握的句式和詞語(yǔ),力求避免不符合英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣的表達(dá);第三,認(rèn)真檢查,糾正語(yǔ)病。成文后讀一遍,檢查內(nèi)容是否完整,有無(wú)遺漏要點(diǎn),格式是否正確,語(yǔ)法是否正確,有無(wú)句式或用詞錯(cuò)誤。特別要注意時(shí)態(tài),檢查書寫是否規(guī)范,有無(wú)拼寫、大小寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)等錯(cuò)誤。
1. 通知
通知是傳達(dá)信息、布置工作、召開會(huì)議所使用的一種文體,在英語(yǔ)里有口頭通知和書面通知兩種。通知一般包括三個(gè)要素:
1)時(shí)間;
2)地點(diǎn);
3)活動(dòng)內(nèi)容。
通知要求簡(jiǎn)練、用詞貼切。
通知的具體格式如下:
1)標(biāo)題:在正文上面的正中的位置寫上NOTICE或Notice。
2)正文:說(shuō)明通知的具體時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、活動(dòng)內(nèi)容和注意事項(xiàng)。
3)單位:發(fā)通知的單位一般寫在正文的右下角。
4)日期:發(fā)通知的時(shí)間一般寫在單位名稱的下面。
[實(shí)例]
請(qǐng)你以班主任的名義寫一則通知,告訴同學(xué)們明天是植樹節(jié),全班不上課,去西山公園植樹。早晨八點(diǎn)在學(xué)校集合,中午在那里吃飯,請(qǐng)帶好水和食物。
[參考范文]
NOTICE
Tomorrow is Tree Planting Day. We have no classes. We are going to plant trees in West Hill Park. We’ll meet at school at 8:00 in the moring. We’ll have lunch there. Please bring some water and food with you. Don’t be late.
Head teacher
March 11,2007
2. 便條
便條在日常生活中應(yīng)用非常廣泛,多用于同事或朋友之間臨時(shí)通知或詢問(wèn)某事。便條包括留言條、請(qǐng)假條等。便條格式近似于書信,一般由稱呼、正文、署名、日期等組成。
[實(shí)例]
假如你叫王林,你本來(lái)要和你的同學(xué)李強(qiáng)約好在星期天下午去書店買書,但是因?yàn)槟阍谕獾氐墓霉脕?lái)了,你得去火車站接她。你去李強(qiáng)家,碰巧他不在,請(qǐng)你給李強(qiáng)寫一張便條,告訴他你不能去了。時(shí)間是11月4日。
[參考范文]
November 4
Dear Li Qiang,
I’m sorry that I can’t go to the bookstore with you. My aunt is coming, and I have to meet her at the railway station on Sunday afternoon. As you are not at home, I have to leave the note to you. See you!
Wang Lin
3. 啟事
啟事是為了公開聲明某事而登在報(bào)刊上或張貼在布告欄上的文字。啟事的格式一般由四部分組成,即啟事的名稱、正文、寫啟事的單位或個(gè)人的名字以及啟事的日期。正文的內(nèi)容要寫得簡(jiǎn)明扼要,單位及姓名通常寫在正文的右下方,日期寫在正文的右上方。有些啟事還詳細(xì)寫出自己的通訊地址、郵政編碼或電話號(hào)碼等,便于有關(guān)單位或個(gè)人前來(lái)聯(lián)系。
[實(shí)例]
假如你是周蘭,是初三(2)班的學(xué)生。9月15日晚上,你把一個(gè)黑色書包遺失在學(xué)校的閱覽室,包內(nèi)有一個(gè)鉛筆盒和幾本書。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以上內(nèi)容寫一則尋物啟事。你的聯(lián)系電話是010-64824563。
[參考范文]
Lost
September 16
I lost a black schoolbag with a pencil-box and some books in it in the school reading room on the evening of September 15. Will the finder please come to Class 2, Grade 3 or ring 010-64824563?
Thank you.
Zhou Lan
4. 日記
日記是一種記敘文體,題材廣泛。一般來(lái)說(shuō),日記主要用來(lái)記敘自己一天中的言行、見聞、感想,也可以寫自己對(duì)未來(lái)的打算。
寫英文日記時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾個(gè)問(wèn)題:
1)格式:一般在正文上一行寫日期、星期、天氣情況等。然后另起一行寫正文。
2)人稱和時(shí)態(tài):寫日記時(shí)要用第一人稱來(lái)寫。在時(shí)態(tài)方面,如果是記敘一天中所發(fā)生的事情,要用過(guò)去時(shí);如果寫的是關(guān)于描述性的景物、事物等,要用現(xiàn)在時(shí);如果寫將來(lái)的事情,或者決心計(jì)劃之類的,要用將來(lái)時(shí)。
3)內(nèi)容安排:日記一般按時(shí)間或事情的經(jīng)過(guò)來(lái)寫,因此整體上要有連貫完整的感覺(jué),不能記流水帳,也不能把發(fā)生的所有的事情都記錄下來(lái);要選擇一天生活中最有意義、印象最深的一件事或一個(gè)情景、一點(diǎn)感受,抓住重點(diǎn),具體描述,不要毫無(wú)選擇,面面俱到。
[實(shí)例]
請(qǐng)你寫一篇日記,記敘你上次學(xué)校旅游時(shí)去水族館(aquarium)的經(jīng)過(guò),內(nèi)容包括:1. 時(shí)間:星期六,5月18日;天氣:多云;2. 早晨九點(diǎn)坐公共汽車到那兒;3. 看海豚表演;玩游戲中獎(jiǎng);去商店買紀(jì)念品(souvenir);遇到了一個(gè)著名的歌星,并請(qǐng)她簽名。
[參考范文]
May 18,Saturday Cloudy
We had a great time on the school trip. We went to the aquarium for the day. We got there at nine by bus. First we watched a dolphin show. It was very interesting. Then we played some games. And I was so lucky to win a prize. It was a beautiful hat. Next we bought some souvenirs at the shop. There we met a famous singer. I was one of her fans. We got her autograph. I was really excited. At the end of the day, we went home. I was a little tired,but I felt very happy.
5. 書信
書信是一種實(shí)用性強(qiáng)、格式固定、使用廣泛的應(yīng)用文。書信一般分為私人信件和正式信件兩大類。中考表達(dá)要求書寫的書信一般都是私人信件。寫信要求簡(jiǎn)潔、清楚、易懂。
[實(shí)例]
假如你是Wang Fang,今年夏天你將作為一名交換生去紐約學(xué)習(xí)一年,正好你有一個(gè)在
那兒的筆友Julia,請(qǐng)你寫一封信向她了解情況:紐約的學(xué)習(xí)和生活條件;學(xué)習(xí)的課程;如何克服語(yǔ)言障礙等。
寫信的日期是2007年4月23日。
[參考范文]
April 23,2007
Dear Julia
I’m very happy to tell you that I will come to New York to study as an exchange student this summer. I am so luckly to meet you there.
I have never been to New York before, so I want to know something about that city. First, how about the living and studying conditions? Next, how many lessons will I take? Then, I’m afraid that I can’t make myself understood because my English isn’t good enough. Could you please give me some advice? Thanks!
Yours,
Wang Fang
6. 電子郵件
電子郵件是網(wǎng)上傳遞信息的方式,電子郵件使用方便、傳播快捷,可一信多發(fā),現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多的人使用電子郵件來(lái)交流。電子郵件的寫作包括:
、 標(biāo)題欄:要在“收件人(To)”欄內(nèi)輸入收信人的e-mail地址;“主題(Subject)”欄內(nèi)應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)明扼要概括信的內(nèi)容。
② 稱呼及署名:e-mail一般使用非正式文體,因此正文(Body)前的稱呼可直呼其名,也可用“Mr / Mrs / Miss / Dear…”來(lái)表達(dá),也可不用;同樣,e-mail的署名也很簡(jiǎn)明,無(wú)需太多的客套話,直接寫上寫信人的名字即可;署名寫于右下角。
、 正文:e-mail需簡(jiǎn)單明了,便于閱讀,因此,正文的內(nèi)容不宜太長(zhǎng),太長(zhǎng)的內(nèi)容可用附件發(fā)出。
[實(shí)例]
假如你是北京市第12中學(xué)的李梅,請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下面的信息向曾經(jīng)教過(guò)你的外教Miss Jones
圖片已關(guān)閉顯示,點(diǎn)此查看
To: annjones@sohu.com
As you know, there were 45 students in our class last year, but now there are 47 students. The Do you still remember that our basketball team was beatem last time? Can you imagine we What about you? How are you getting along with your new work?
I hope you can visit our school again if you have time.
[英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用文寫作之通知]