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2018年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語二
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Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again _1_ that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by _2_. A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.
A different and not mutually exclusive _3_ holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one _4_ by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives _5_, people will simply become lazy and depressed. _6_, today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for _7_ Americans. Also, some research suggests that the _8_ for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting _9_ poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many _10_ the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.
But it doesn’t _11_ follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the _12_ of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the _13_ of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could _14_ strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the _15_ of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.
These days, because leisure time is relatively _16_ for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional _17_ of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel _18_,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself _19_ a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for _20_ matters.
1.[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring
【答案】C
【解析】答案為C。動詞詞義辨析。作家學(xué)者警示人們技術(shù)會代替人類勞動。boast吹噓、自負(fù)。deny否認(rèn)。ensure確保。warning警示，警告。
2.[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty
【答案】A
【解析】答案為A。上下文理解。根據(jù)后文富人會擁有所有資產(chǎn)，貧困地區(qū)也會扎堆，可以看出此處想表達(dá)不平等的意思。inequality不平等，instability不穩(wěn)定性，unreliability不可靠性，uncertainty不確定性。
3.[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction
【答案】D
【解析】答案為D。詞義辨析。policy政策，guideline指導(dǎo)方針，resolution決心，prediction預(yù)測。該句意為：另外一種預(yù)測認(rèn)為……。
4.[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured
【答案】A
【解析】答案為A。動詞詞義辨析。該句意為未來社會的特點(diǎn)是無目的性。
5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom
【答案】B
【解析】答案為B。詞義辨析，上下文理解。沒有了工作富裕生活的意義，人們會變得懶散沮喪。其他幾項不符合題意。
6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless
【答案】B
【解析】答案為B�？疾楦痹~。Indeed實(shí)際上，那些失業(yè)者生活并不美好。
7.[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated
【答案】C
【解析】答案為C。上下文理解。前面提到失業(yè)的美國人在和工作的美國人做對比。
8.[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute
【答案】A
【解析】答案為A。詞義辨析。死亡率升高，心理健康問題等是因?yàn)闆]有工資待遇較好的工作，這就解釋了原因問題。Explanation符合題意。
9.[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among
【答案】D
【解析】答案為D。介詞辨析。沒有受到良好教育的中年人中間這些問題比較嚴(yán)重。
10.[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside
【答案】C
【解析】答案為C。固定搭配意思辨析。Worry about擔(dān)心，leave behind丟棄，使落后make up 組成，set aside 留出，把……放在一旁。該句意為這就是為什么人們擔(dān)心未來無工作的無聊。
11.[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically
【答案】C
【解析】答案為C。副詞詞義辨析。Necessarily必然地，statistically統(tǒng)計地，occasionally偶然地，economically經(jīng)濟(jì)上地。該句想表達(dá)并不必然的意思。
12.[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles
【答案】B
【解析】答案為B。理解上下文。前面說沒有工作會導(dǎo)致不安，這些觀念是來源于在職業(yè)概念的社會中失業(yè)的消極面。
13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course
【答案】A
【解析】答案為A。固定搭配。In absence of 缺乏，in height of 在…高度，in face of 面臨，in course of 在…中。該句意為如果沒有工作，也就是in absence of job。
14. [A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield
【答案】D
【解析】答案為D。動詞詞義辨析。沒有工作的社會能為人們帶來放松。Yield 有獲得，帶來的意思，disturb打擾，妨礙，restore恢復(fù)，交還，exclude排斥
15. [A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship
【答案】C
【解析】答案為C。詞義辨析。根據(jù)后面工作的缺點(diǎn)可以推測此處想表達(dá)工作的優(yōu)點(diǎn)被過分夸大了。virtue優(yōu)點(diǎn)，好處。
16.[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce
【答案】D
【解析】答案為D。詞義辨析和上下文理解。休閑時間對工作人來說相對較少。
17.[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats
【答案】A
【解析】答案為A。詞義辨析。閑暇時間來平衡人們的智力和情感需求。
18.[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved
【答案】B
【解析】答案為B。詞義理解。下班回到家感覺到疲憊。Starved饑餓的。
19.[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into
【答案】D
【解析】答案為D。固定搭配和介詞使用。Throw into投身于，throw off擺脫，throw against扔掉，throw behind拋開。投身到自己的愛好之中。
20. [A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal
【答案】B
【解析】答案為B。詞義辨析。一些需要專業(yè)技能的項目。
【試題點(diǎn)評】完型填空為了測試考生實(shí)際應(yīng)用英語的能力和語感。具體說來，是從語篇的角度綜合測試考生的閱讀理解能力、詞匯的掌握和對英語習(xí)慣用語的熟悉程度、以及語法規(guī)則的靈活運(yùn)用。這部分大家一定要注重思路和尋找線索能力的訓(xùn)練，一般做題的基本思路是，根據(jù)已知信息去填空，根據(jù)空前后的線索來選擇填什么。比方說，題目讓考生填主句的內(nèi)容，那么從句中就會有相應(yīng)的說明。題目讓考生填動詞，原文常常在別的地方出現(xiàn)這個動詞的同義詞。那么如何判斷呢？首先根據(jù)需要填寫動詞后面出現(xiàn)的賓語，找到有同一賓語的句子，該句中的動詞就是所需填寫詞的同義詞。
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