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動詞不定式的用法(2)

時間:2024-10-22 10:20:08 學人智庫 我要投稿
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動詞不定式的用法(2)

不定式也可以在作表語用的形容詞后面作狀語。如:

  I am very glad to hear it.

  The question is difficult to answer.

  “too + 形容詞或副詞 + 不定式”作狀語。如:

  He is too old to do that.

  另外,句子中有enough這個詞時,常用不定式作狀語。例如:

  The room is big enough to hold us.

  6)作表語。如:

  My job is to help the patient.

  7)作獨立成分。如:

  To tell the truth, I don’t agree with you.

  8)不定式與疑問詞who,which,when,where,how,what等連用,在句中起名詞作用,可充當主語、表語、賓語等。如:

  He didn’t know what to say. (賓語)

  How to solve the problem is very important. (主語)

  注意:在與why連用時,只用于why或why not開頭的簡短疑問句中,后面緊跟的動詞不定式不帶to。例如:

  Why not have a rest ?

  9)不定式在句中用主動式還是被動式,多數情況下是容易判斷的,但有時的確比較復雜,請注意以下幾點:

  ①不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式邏輯上構成主謂關系時,不定式往往用主動形式。如:

  Have you got a key to unlock the door ?

  (A key unlocks the door. )

 、诓欢ㄊ胶退懊姹恍揎椀拿~或代詞構成邏輯上的動賓關系,又和該句主語構成邏輯上的主謂關系時,不定式常用主動形式。

  I have got a letter to write. (I write letter. )

  He needs a room to live in. (He lives in a room. )

  I know what to do. (I do what. )

  但這句如改為下列形式,不定式就得用被動形式:I know what is to be done.

  這是因為what is to be done是賓語從句,從句中的主語what是動詞do的動作對象。

 、鄄欢ㄊ阶鞅碚Z形容詞的狀語,和句中主語構成邏輯上的動賓關系時,不定式多用主動形式,這是因為人們往往認為形容詞后省去了for sb. 。如:

  He is hard to talk to. (to talk to him)

  The book is difficult to understand. (to understand the book)

 、茉趖here be結構中,當說話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時,不定式用主動形式;如果說話人強調的事情本身必須完成,則用被動形式。

  There is a lot of work to do. (Somebody has to do the work. )

  There is a lot of work to be done. (The work has to be done. )

  請注意下面兩個句子的含義是不同的:

  There is nothing to do. (無事可做,感到十分乏味。)

  There is nothing to be done. (某東西壞了,無法使之恢復正常。)

  2.不定式的時態(tài)

  1)不定式的一般形式所表示的動作,通常與謂語的動作(狀態(tài))同時(或幾乎同時)發(fā)生,或是在它之后發(fā)生。例如:

  I saw him go out.

  2)如果謂語表示的動作(情況)發(fā)生時,不定式表示的動作正在進行,這時不定式就要用進行式。例如:

  He pretended to be reading a book when she went in.

  3)如果不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前,就要用完成式。例如:

  I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.

  3.不定式的語態(tài)

  當不定式邏輯上的主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者時,不定式一般要用被動形式。如:

  He asked to be sent to work in the countryside.

  It is possible for our hopes to be realized.

  4.不定式符號to的保留問題

  有時為了避免重復,可以用to來代替前面的不定式,這種情況常出現下列動詞后:expect,prefer,care,mean,forget,want,wish,hope,try以及be glad/happy等后。

  如果在省略的不定式結構中含有be,have,have been,這些詞要保留。如:

  —Are you on holidays ?

  —No, but I’d like to be.

  —I didn’t tell him the news.

  —Oh, you ought to have.

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