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現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
一,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由"be+v-ing"構(gòu)成.be應(yīng)為助動(dòng)詞,初學(xué)者最容易漏掉,它應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持一致.
二,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的應(yīng)用
在實(shí)際運(yùn)用時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常用以下幾種情況：
(1)當(dāng)句子中有now時(shí),常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).如：
They are playing basketball now.現(xiàn)在他們正在打籃球.
(2)以look, listen開頭的句子,提示我們動(dòng)作正進(jìn)行,這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).如：
Listen!She is singing an English song.聽,她正在唱英語(yǔ)歌.
(3)表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,且此時(shí)有this week, these days等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),這時(shí)常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).如：
We are making model planes these days.這些天我們?cè)谧鲲w機(jī)模型.
(4)描述圖片中的人物的動(dòng)作,也為了表達(dá)更生動(dòng).此時(shí)也常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).如：
Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看這幅圖,那些孩子正在公園放風(fēng)箏.
三,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的變化
肯定句式：主語(yǔ)+be( am, is, are)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它.
否定句式：主語(yǔ)+be(am, is, are) +not +現(xiàn)在分詞+其它.
一般疑問(wèn)句：Be(am, is, are) +主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它?
特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+be(am, is, are)+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它?
對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的回答,它不可以用Yes或No直接作答,要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況回答.四,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法(包括高級(jí)用法)1,表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.
Please don't make so much noise. I'm writing a composition. 不要吵鬧.我正在寫作文.
Let's set off. It isn’t raining now. 咱們出發(fā)吧.現(xiàn)在不下雨了.
這類情況常與now現(xiàn)在,at the present現(xiàn)在,at the moment現(xiàn)在,today今天,this week這個(gè)星期,this year今年等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.有時(shí)通過(guò)上下文可以判斷出應(yīng)采用何種時(shí)態(tài),如：
It's four o'clock in the afternoon. The children are playing football on the sports ground. 現(xiàn)在是下午四點(diǎn).孩子們?cè)诓賵?chǎng)上踢足球.
Hurry up! We are all waiting for you. 快點(diǎn)!我們大家都等著你.
Look! They are reading over there under the tree. 看!他們?cè)谀沁叺臉涞紫驴磿?
Listen! She is singing in the room. 聽!她在房間里唱歌.
Where is Kate? She is reading in the room. 凱特在哪里?她在房間里看書.
Why are you crying? Is something wrong?
為什么哭呢?有什么不對(duì)?2,表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行而說(shuō)話時(shí)不一定在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.
We are working in a factory these days. 這幾天我們?cè)谝患夜S工作.
They are compiling a dictionary. 他們?cè)诰幰槐驹~典.
這類情況常與today今天,this week這個(gè)星期,this evening今天晚上,these days現(xiàn)在、目前等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.3,在口語(yǔ)中表示主語(yǔ)計(jì)劃將要作的動(dòng)作.
They are leaving for New York tomorrow. 明天他們將要?jiǎng)由砬巴~約.
Is your brother departing soon? 你的兄弟很快就要啟程嗎?
這類情況常與come來(lái),go去, leave離開,depart離開,arrive到達(dá),stay逗留,start開始等動(dòng)詞連用.所用的動(dòng)詞必須是動(dòng)作而不是狀態(tài),主語(yǔ)必須是人.4,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always等副詞連用時(shí)帶有感情色彩.
He's always quarrelling with others. 他老喜歡跟別人吵架.
She is constantly worrying about her son's health. 她不停地為她兒子的健康擔(dān)心著.
The boy is forever asking questions. 那個(gè)男孩老是問(wèn)問(wèn)題.
這類情況常與always總是,usually通常,continually不斷的,constantly經(jīng)常的,forever永遠(yuǎn)、老是等副詞連用.5,有的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)句子和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)同義.用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示問(wèn)者的關(guān)切心情.
How are you feeling today? (How do you feel today?)你今天感覺(jué)如何?
I am looking (look)forward to your next visit. 我盼望你下次再來(lái).
Why are you looking(do you look)so sad? 為什么你看起來(lái)這么愁眉苦臉的樣子呢?6,有的動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示“逐漸”的含義.此種用法除了偶爾和now連用外,一般不和其他時(shí)間副詞連用的.
Our study is becoming more interesting. 我們的學(xué)習(xí)變得越來(lái)越有趣了.
The leaves are turning red. 樹葉漸漸地變紅了.
The war is ending. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)接近尾聲了.
Wait a moment; I am finishing my supper. 等一會(huì)兒,我的晚飯就要吃完了.
適合于此種用法的動(dòng)詞有：bet/grow/become/turn/run/go變成,begin開始,forget忘記,remember記得,die 死,finish完成,find發(fā)現(xiàn),rise增強(qiáng)等.7,“be”動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).“be”動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話者認(rèn)為是短暫的、和平常不一樣的、甚至是偽裝的.
He is being foolish. 他在裝傻.
He is being honest. 他表現(xiàn)得特別老實(shí).
She is being rude. 她故意表現(xiàn)粗魯.
I can't understand why he is being so selfish.我不明白此時(shí)他為何如此自私.
適合于此種用法的有：foolish愚蠢的,nice好的,kind好心的,careful細(xì)心的,patient耐心的,lazy懶惰的,silly傻的,rude粗魯?shù)?polite禮貌的,impolite無(wú)禮的等表示人的特性、性格的形容詞.(“be”動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示人的行為,純粹表示心理或生理的狀態(tài)而不帶有行動(dòng)時(shí)或主語(yǔ)不是人時(shí),“be”動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))如：
I am happy.(表語(yǔ)是純粹的心理狀態(tài),不可用am being) 我很快樂(lè).
He's tired.(表語(yǔ)是純粹的生理狀態(tài),不可用is being) 他很疲倦.
It's hot today.(主語(yǔ)不是人,不可用is being) 今天很熱. 常和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
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