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考研英語真題解析 國人壽命
It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional .Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death—and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it's useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians—frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.
In 1950, the U.S. spent ＄12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be ＄1，540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age—say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way ” so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.
I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.
Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. Ask a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people's lives.
36. What is implied in the first sentence?
[A] Americans are better prepared for death than other people.
[B] Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.
[C] Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.
[D] Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.
37. The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that
[A] medical resources are often wasted.
[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases.
[C] some treatments are too aggressive.
[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable.
38. The author's attitude to ward Richard Lamm's remark is one of
[A] strong disapproval.
[B] reserved consent.
[C] slight contempt.
[D] enthusiastic support.
39. In contras to the U.S. ,Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care
[A] more flexibly.
[B] more extravagantly.
[C] more cautiously.
[D] more reasonably.
40. The text intends to express the idea that
[A] medicine will further prolong people's lives.
[B] life beyond a certain limit is not worth living.
[C] death should be accepted as a fact of life.
[D] excessive demands increase the cost of health care.
名師解析
36. What is implied in the first sentence? 第一句話暗示什么？
[A] Americans are better prepared for death than other people.
美國人對于死亡的準備超過其他人。
[B] Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.
美國人比先前享受更高的生活質(zhì)量。
[C] Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.
美國人對他們的醫(yī)學技術過于自信。
[D] Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.
美國人對于他們的長壽有一種虛榮的自豪感。
【答案】 C
【考點】 推斷題。
【分析】 該題問的是篇首第一句的含義。這句話說的是“據(jù)說，在英國死亡是迫在眉睫的，在加拿大死亡是不可避免的，在加利福尼亞死亡是可以選擇的�！睆倪@句話中，我們可以看出美國人自認為美國擁有先進醫(yī)療技術，死亡是可以控制的。所以[C]項是正確的。[A]項毫無道理，因為從文章中可以看出美國人還是害怕死亡的。[B]項是將美國人的現(xiàn)狀與過去相比，與本句無關。[D]項說的是美國人對于他們的長壽有一種虛榮的自豪感，也是不正確的，因為分析第一段就發(fā)現(xiàn)，作者談論的，或者說作者自己進行解釋的是美國人對醫(yī)療技術的自信，所以[D]不正確。
37. The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that
作者用癌癥病人的例子來說明
[A] medical resources are often wasted. 醫(yī)療資源常常被浪費。
[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases. 醫(yī)生對于致命的疾病也無計可施。
[C] some treatments are too aggressive. 有一些治療過去大膽。
[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable. 醫(yī)療費用越來越支付不起。
【答案】 A
【考點】 作者意圖題。
【分析】 在第二段中，作者用晚期癌癥患者為例，指出醫(yī)生們往往采取一些激進的缺乏科學根據(jù)的治療方法。結(jié)合文章來看，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)它的作用是為了說明人們通常浪費了醫(yī)療資源，過度地投入在已經(jīng)沒有用處的的事情上。因此我們可以推斷出作者的意圖，即不應該浪費醫(yī)療資源在那些無可救藥的人身上。[B]、[C]選項都不能表達作者意圖。文中提及第三方支付人支付很多費用，因此[D]項內(nèi)容是錯誤的。
38. The author’s attitude toward Richard Lamm’s remark is one of
作者對待Richard Lamm所說的話的態(tài)度是
[A] strong disapproval. 強烈反對。
[B] reserved consent. 有保留的贊同。
[C] slight contempt. 略有蔑視。
[D] enthusiastic support. 熱烈支持。
【答案】 B
【考點】 作者態(tài)度題。
【分析】 通過關鍵詞“Lamm”可以定位到第三段“Lamm”所說的話，“老年人有義務死亡，以免擋住道路”。在第四段，作者對于“Lamm”的觀點發(fā)表了看法，“I would not go that far.”(我不會走那么遠。)接著，作者舉出了許多例子，說明老年人可以活得很有價值。這很容易讓人認為作者是反對“Lamm”的觀點的。但是接下來的一段中，作者從另外一個角度發(fā)表了自己的看法。作者說，“最昂貴和最引人注目的醫(yī)療手段未必就是高效率的和無疼痛的”。作者舉例日本和瑞士，老年醫(yī)療開支不高，但是壽命更長，更加健康。作者說“我們在那些無藥可救的疾病方面，也許投入過大，但是在那些事關人民生活質(zhì)量的研究上投入過低”。所以選[B]，作者對“Lamm”的觀點基本同意，但有所保留。
39. In contrast to the U.S., Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care
與美國相比，日本和瑞典對醫(yī)療的資金投入的方式
[A] more flexibly. 更靈活。 [B] more extravagantly. 更奢侈。
[C] more cautiously. 更謹慎。 [D] more reasonably. 更合理。
【答案】 D
【考點】 推斷題。
【分析】 定位到最后一段，作者舉例說明了“雖然日本和瑞典在醫(yī)療保健上的花費比美國少，但壽命卻比美國人長，身體也更健康”。接著作者提到“我們也許在那些無藥可救的疾病方面，也許投入過大，但是在那些事關人民生活的研究上投入過低”。因此我們可以推斷出，日本和瑞典在醫(yī)療保健上的投資比美國“更加合理”，因此選擇[D]項，其它選項不能表達出這個意思。
40. The text intends to express the idea that 本文試圖表達的觀點是
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