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春節(jié)由來(lái)英文介紹
春節(jié)（Spring Festival），是中國(guó)民間最隆重最富有特色的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日之一。下面是小編精心整理的春節(jié)由來(lái)英文介紹，歡迎大家借鑒與參考，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
春節(jié)由來(lái)英文介紹
History of the Spring Festival
It is unclear when the beginning of the year was celebrated before the Qin Dynasty. Traditionally, the year was said to have begun with month 1 during the Xia Dynasty, month 12 during the Shang Dynasty, and month 11 during the Zhou Dynasty. However, records show that the Zhou Dynasty began its year with month 1. Intercalary months, used to keep the lunar calendar synchronized with the sun, were added after month 12 during both the Shang Dynasty (according to surviving oracle bones) and the Zhou Dynasty (according to Sima Qian). The first Emperor of China Qin Shi Huang changed the beginning of the year to month 10 in 221 BC, also changing the location of the intercalary month to after month 9. Whether the New Year was celebrated at the beginning of month 10, of month 1, or both is unknown. In 104 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established month 1 as the beginning of the year, where it remains.
Mythology about the Spring Festival
Hand-painted Chinese New Years poetry pasted on the sides of doors leading to peoples homes, Lijiang, Yunnan, China.According to legend, in ancient China, the Nián (年) was a man-eating beast from the mountains (in other versions from under the sea), which came out every 12 months somewhere close to winter to prey on humans. The people later believed that the Nian was sensitive to loud noises and the colour red, so they scared it away with explosions, fireworks and the liberal use of the colour red. These customs led to the first New Year celebrations. Guò nián (simplified Chinese: 過(guò)年; traditional Chinese: 過(guò)年), which means to celebrate the new year, literally means the passover of the Nian.
Editor: No specified pictures about this beast as it is only an imaginary animal, you can draw one and send it to us:) Just show your imagination!
Days before the new year
On the days before the New Year celebration Chinese families give their home a thorough cleaning. There is a Cantonese saying "Wash away the dirts on nianyiba"(年廿八，洗邋遢), but the practice is not usually restricted on nianyiba(年二八, the 28th day of month 12). It is believed the cleaning sweeps away the bad luck of the preceding year and makes their homes ready for good luck. Brooms and dust pans are put away on the first day so that luck cannot be swept away. Some people give their homes, doors and window-panes a new coat of red paint. Homes are often decorated with paper cutouts of Chinese auspicious phrases and couplets.
A woman is cleaning home
The biggest event of any Chinese New Years Eve is the dinner every family will have. A dish consisting of fish will appear on the tables of Chinese families. It is for display for the New Years Eve dinner. In northern China, it is also customary to have dumplings for this dinner. Dumplings symbolize wealth because their shape is like a Chinese gold nugget. This is comparable to Christmas dinner in the West, except with much more food.
First day of the new year
The first day is for the welcoming of the deities of the heavens and earth. Many people, especially Buddhists, abstain from meat consumption on the first day because it is believed that this will ensure longevity for them. Some consider lighting fires and using knives to be bad luck on New Years Day, so all food to be consumed is cooked the day before.
Most importantly, the first day of Chinese New Year is a time when families visit the oldest and most senior members of their extended family, usually their parents, grandparents or great-grandparents.
Some families may invite a lion dance troupe as a symbolic ritual to usher in the Lunar New Year as well as to evict bad spirits from the premises. People also give red packets containing cash to junior members of the family, mostly children.
While fireworks and firecrackers are traditionally very popular, some regions have banned them due to concerns over fire hazards, which have resulted in increased number of fires around New Years and challenged municipal fire departments work capacity. For this reason, various city governments (e.g., Hong Kong, and Beijing, for a number of years) issued bans over fireworks and firecrackers in certain premises of the city. As a substitute, large-scale fireworks have been launched by governments in cities like Hong Kong to offer citizens the experience.
Second day of the new year
The second day of the Chinese New Year is for married daughters to visit their birth parents. Traditionally, daughters who have been married may not have the opportunity to visit their birth families frequently. On the second day, the Chinese pray to their ancestors as well as to all the gods. They are extra kind to dogs and feed them well as it is believed that the second day is the birthday of all dogs.
Third and fourth days of the new year
The third and fourth day of the Chinese New Year are generally accepted as inappropriate days to visit relatives and friends due to the following schools of thought. People may subscribe to one or both thoughts.
1) It is known as "chì kǒu" (赤口), meaning that it is easy to get into arguments. It is suggested that the cause could be the fried food and visiting during the first two days of the New Year celebration.
2) Families who had an immediate kin deceased in the past 3 years will not go house-visiting as a form of respect to the dead. The third day of the New Year is allocated to grave-visiting instead. Some people conclude it is inauspicious to do any house visiting at all.
Fifth day of the new year
Eat dumplings at "Po Wu"
In northern China, people eat Jiǎozi (simplified Chinese: 餃子; traditional Chinese: 餃子) (dumplings) on the morning of Po Wu (破五). This is also the birthday of the Chinese god of wealth. In Taiwan, businesses traditionally re-open on this day, accompanied by firecrackers.
Seventh day of the new year
The seventh day, traditionally known as renri 人日, the common mans birthday, the day when everyone grows one year older.
It is the day when tossed raw fish salad, yusheng, is eaten. This is a custom primarily among the overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia, such as Malaysia and Singapore. People get together to toss the colourful salad and make wishes for continued wealth and prosperity.
For many Chinese Buddhists, this is another day to avoid meat.
Ninth day of the new year
Jade Emperor of Heaven
The ninth day of the New Year is a day for Chinese to offer prayers to the Jade Emperor of Heaven (天公) in the Taoist Pantheon.
This day is especially important to Hokkiens (Min Nan speakers). Come midnight of the eighth day of the new year, the Hokkiens will offer thanks giving prayers to the Emperor of Heaven. Offerings will include sugarcane as it was the sugarcane that had protected the Hokkiens from certain extermination generations ago. Tea is served as a customary protocol for paying respect to an honoured person.
Fifteenth day of the new year
The fifteenth day of the new year is celebrated as Yuánxiāo jié (元宵節(jié)), otherwise known as Chap Goh Mei in Fujian dialect. Tangyuan (simplified Chinese: 湯圓; traditional Chinese: 湯圓 pinyin: tāngyuán), a sweet glutinous rice ball brewed in a soup, is eaten this day. Candles are lit outside houses as a way to guide wayward spirits home. This day is celebrated as the Lantern Festival, and families walk the street carrying lighted lanterns.
Lantern Festival
This day often marks the end of the Chinese New Year festivities.
春節(jié)由來(lái)英文介紹
【 History 】
On the first day of the New Year, everyone gets up early, dresses up neatly, goes out to visit relatives and friends, and wishes each other a happy New Year.
About the origin of the custom of paying New Years greetings, legend has it that in ancient times there was a monster with a single horn on the head and a mouth like blood. People called it "Nian". On the 30th night of the lunar month, it would flee out of the mountains and prey on people. People had to prepare some meat to put outside the door, and then shut the door, hiding in the home, until the first day of the morning, "Nian" after a full meal and go, people open the door to meet, bow and congratulate each other.
【 Custom 】
New Year greetings are a traditional custom of Chinese folk. It is a way for people to bid farewell to the old year and welcome the New Year and express good wishes to each other.
In ancient times, the original meaning of the term "Nian" was to congratulate the elderly on the New Year, including kowtowing to the elderly, congratulating the New Year, greeting the life and so on. If you have friends and relatives of your peers, you should also offer congratulations.
New Year greetings usually start at home. On the first morning, after the younger generation gets up, we must first pay New Years greetings to the elders, wish the elders health and longevity, and all the best. After the elders are worshipped, the "lucky money" prepared in advance should be distributed to the younger generation. After paying respects to the elders in the family, people will also greet the New Year with a smile when they go out to meet each other, saying auspicious words such as "Gongxi Fa fa", "good luck in the four seasons", and "Happy New Year", and neighbors or friends and relatives will also visit each other or invite drinking entertainment.
In Volume 6 of "Tokyo Menghualu", Meng Yuanold of the Song Dynasty described Bianjing in the Northern Song Dynasty: "On October 1st, the New Year Festival, Kaifeng House released Guan Pu for three days, scholars and ordinary people celebrated each other since the morning." Ming leaves Lu Rong in the "Shuyuan Miscella" volume five said "the capital New Years Day, from the court official, down to the subaltern, the staggered road, called New Year. But every man of the law worships more than his friends. There is more love than exclusivity when the court is in contact with officials..." . Qing Gu Tieqing described in the "Qing Jialu", "men and women to worship parents, the Lord rate young, out of the neighboring relatives, or stop sending children to congratulate, called New Year." Even those who do not meet each other all their lives will worship each other at the door... "
In ancient times, the upper class scholar-officials used famous posts to congratulate each other. Zhou Hui of the Song Dynasty said in "Qingbo Magazine" : "Song Yuan You years, the New Year festival, often use servants with famous thorns to go." At that time, the scholar-officials had a wide circle of friends, and if they visited the house around the New Year, it took time and energy, so some friends who were not close to each other did not go personally, but sent servants to take a card cut into two inches wide and three inches long with a plum pad of paper, which wrote the recipients name, address and congratulatory words to visit the New Year on behalf of them. In the Ming Dynasty, people paid tribute instead of paying New Years greetings. Ming Dynasty outstanding painter, poet Wen Zhengming in the "He Nian" poem described: "do not seek to meet but Tong Ye, name paper to full cover lu; I also cast a number of papers with others, the world hates the simple, not the empty." The "famous thorns" and "famous ye" mentioned here are the origins of todays New Year cards. A convenient and practical way to connect and greet each other, New Year cards are still popular today.
About from the Qing Dynasty, the New Year and added the form of "group worship", Qing people art LAN master in the "side hat Yu Tan" said: "The capital in the beginning of the year, the routine group worship, to unite the New Year friendship, to town", "every year by the value of the book red booking, eating banquet, for the festival."
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