英語合同的特點(1)

Contract 與 Agreement的有無區(qū)別

在英語中，合同一般稱為Contract，協(xié)議一般稱為Agreement。

何謂“Contract”?

1999年中國《合同法》第二條對contract定義為：A contact in t his Law refers to an agreement establishing, modifying and terminating the civil rights and obligations between subjects of equal footing, that is ,between natural persons, legal persons or other organizations. 根據(jù)這一定義，合同平等主體之間設(shè)立的確定民事權(quán)利和義務(wù)的協(xié)議。

Steven H. Gifts編著的“Law Dictionary”中將contract 定義為“contract is a promise, or a set of promises, for breach of which the law gives remedy, or the performance of the which the law in some way recognize as a duty.”根據(jù)這一定義，合同是一種承諾，違反承諾可以得到法律救助，某種意義上法律將履行該承諾看做是一種補償。

L.B Curzon 在其編撰的字典“A Dictionary of Law”給contract的定義：“Contract is a legally binding agreement”根據(jù)這一定義，合同就是有法律約束力的協(xié)議。

綜合起來，有一個相同點，就是“Contract is an agreement”，即可將事同說成是“An agreement which binds the parties concerned”或者說成是“An agreement which is enforceable by law”，也可以說：Contracts are promises that the law will enforce。

何謂“Agreement”?

L.B “A consensus of mind, or evidence of such consensus, in spoke or written form, relating to anything done or to be done.”根據(jù)這一定義，協(xié)議是對已經(jīng)做或準(zhǔn)備做的相關(guān)事宜，經(jīng)過談判、協(xié)商后取得一致意見，以口頭或書面形式做出的約定。

Black “Law Dictionary”有兩個定義。一個是：“A concord of understanding and intention between two or more parties with respect to the effect upon their relative rights and duties, of certain past or future facts or performance”根據(jù)這一定義，協(xié)議即雙方或多方京某些過去或?qū)�來某些事實的相關(guān)權(quán)利、義務(wù)或相關(guān)權(quán)利、義務(wù)的履行而達(dá)成的一致理解和愿望。

另一個是：The consent of two or more persons concurring respecting the transmission of some property, right or benefits, with the view of contacting an obligation, a mutual obligation.根據(jù)這一定義，協(xié)議即兩個或多個當(dāng)事人，為了約定單方責(zé)任或相互責(zé)任，就財產(chǎn)權(quán)利、利益的轉(zhuǎn)移取得的一致同意。

Contract(合同)和Agreement(協(xié)議)是不是可以互換呢？

合同的成立必須具備幾個主要因素。它們（要約和承諾構(gòu)成的）協(xié)議、約因、設(shè)立法律關(guān)系的愿望和締約能力四大部分組成。

L.

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