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非謂語動(dòng)詞
非謂語動(dòng)詞：
在英語中，不作句子謂語，而具有除謂語外其他語法功能的動(dòng)詞，叫做非謂語動(dòng)詞。非謂語動(dòng)詞有動(dòng)詞不定式（the Infinitive）；動(dòng)名詞（the Gerund）；現(xiàn)在分詞（the Present Participle）；過去分詞（the Past Participle）。
一、非謂語動(dòng)詞與謂語動(dòng)詞
1．相同點(diǎn)：
（1）如果是及物動(dòng)詞都可與賓語連用，例如：
They built a garden.
They suggested building a garden.
（2）都可以被狀語修飾：
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used to fit him very well.
（3）都有主動(dòng)與被動(dòng), “體”式（一般式；進(jìn)行式；完成式）的變化。例如：
He was punished by his parents.（謂語動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)）
He avoided being punished by his parents.（動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式）
We have written the composition.（謂語動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)）
Having written the composition, we handed it in.（現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式）
（4）都可以有邏輯主語
They started the work at once.（謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語）
The boss ordered them to start the work.（動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語）
We are League members.（謂語動(dòng)詞的主語）
We being League member, the work was well done. （現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語）
2、不同點(diǎn)：
（1）非謂語動(dòng)詞可以有名詞作用（如動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞），在句中做主語、賓語、表語。
（2）非謂語動(dòng)詞可以有形容詞作用（如動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞），在句中做定語、表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語。
（3）非謂語動(dòng)詞可以有副詞作用（如動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞），在句中作狀語。
二、非謂語動(dòng)詞用法：
（一）動(dòng)詞不定式：（to）+do，具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征。
1．不定式的形式：
否定式：not + (to) do
（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之后，
例如：
I'm glad to meet you.
He seems to know a lot.
We plan to pay a visit.
He wants to be an artist.
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
The teacher ordered the work to be done.
（2）進(jìn)行式：不定式的進(jìn)行式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，例如：
The boy pretended to be working hard.
He seems to be reading in his room.
（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前，例如：
I regretted to have told a lie.
I happened to have seen the film.
He is pleased to have met his friend.
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