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初中英語語法整理：助動(dòng)詞用法講解
助動(dòng)詞一般沒有詞意，不能單獨(dú)作謂語動(dòng)詞。其作用在于幫助構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、否定、疑問等。
1、助動(dòng)詞be(am, is, are, was, were, being, been)的用法
(1) be后跟現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
Who is playing the violin?誰在拉小提琴?
She was reading a book then.那時(shí)她正在讀書。
(2)be后跟過去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
He was asked to do the work.有人要他干這件工作。
You are invited to attend the meetintg.有人邀請(qǐng)你參加會(huì)議。
(3)be 后跟不定式作謂語，有如下幾種情況：
�、俦硎居�(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的事。
Who are we to meet?我們要見誰呀?
I'm to have supper with John this afternoon.今天下午我要與約翰一起吃晚飯。
②表示指示、命令，否定式表禁止。
You are to see the headmaster today.今天你必須去見校長(zhǎng)。
You are not to enter the room without permission.未經(jīng)允許你不能進(jìn)入房間。
�、郾硎玖x務(wù)、責(zé)任等，同should。
You are to be back before 5.你得在5點(diǎn)鐘以前回來。
What is to be done?該干什么。
�、鼙硎究赡苄�，與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may, can同義。
Such books are to be found in any library.這種書任何圖書館都有。
Not a sound was to be heard.一點(diǎn)聲響也沒有。
�、荼硎竞髞戆l(fā)生的事，可以用來表示命運(yùn)或注定
They say good-bye, little knowing that they were never to meet
again.他們告別了，沒想到再也不能相見了。
He was to regret the decision.他有一天會(huì)后悔做出這一決定的。
�、抻糜诹�(xí)語
Where am I to go? 我該向何處去?
What am I to do? 我該怎么辦?
2、助動(dòng)詞have(has, had, having)的用法
(1)助動(dòng)詞have可以構(gòu)成完成時(shí)或完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
He has been a doctor for 10 years.他當(dāng)醫(yī)生十年了。
This is the place I have been longing to visit.這就是我一直渴望參觀的地方。
(2)和不定式構(gòu)成謂語，表示客觀上不得不做的事情。
We've missed the train. We'll have to wait for another
one.我們己經(jīng)誤了火車，我們只能等下一列。
-Do we have to start work?我們得立刻工作嗎?
-No. We don't have to.不，不必了。
3、do(does, did) 的用法
(1)構(gòu)成疑問句或否定句
How did you know about it?你是怎樣知道這件事的。
He does not smoke. 他不抽煙。
(2)加強(qiáng)語氣。
He did tell that.他的確告訴了此事。
Do come and see us.一定來看我們。
(3)代替前面剛出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞，避免重復(fù)。
-You like popular music, don't you?你喜歡流行音樂，是吧?
-Yes , I do.是的，我喜歡。
He speaks French as fluently as she does.他講法語和她講的一樣流利。
(4)用于倒裝句中。
Never did he pay attention to my words.他從不注意我的話。
Only then did I understand the importance of English.只是那時(shí)，我才了解到英語的重要性。
(5)構(gòu)成否定的祈使句。
Don't be so careless.不要那么粗心。
Do not hesitate to come for help.只管來求助。
4、shall(should)和will(would) 的用法
(1)shall(should)用于第一人稱的將來時(shí)中，單純表示來
I shall think it over.我要好好考慮一下。
When shall I see you again?我何時(shí)再見到你?
I rang up to tell her that I should leave for London. 我打電話告訴她我要去倫敦。
(2)will用于第二、第三人稱的將來時(shí)態(tài)中，在現(xiàn)代英語中可以用于所有人稱
He will be 30 next month. 他下月將是30歲。
You will have an English test tomorrow.明天你有英語小測(cè)驗(yàn)。
He wanted to know when you would finish the writing.他想知道你何時(shí)完成寫作。
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