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八年級上冊全冊英語語法復(fù)習(xí)
在平日的學(xué)習(xí)中,大家對知識點應(yīng)該都不陌生吧?知識點就是“讓別人看完能理解”或者“通過練習(xí)我能掌握”的內(nèi)容。還在為沒有系統(tǒng)的知識點而發(fā)愁嗎?下面是小編精心整理的八年級上冊全冊英語語法復(fù)習(xí),希望能夠幫助到大家。
1) leave的用法
1.“l(fā)eave+地點”表示“離開某地”。例如:
When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么時候離開上海的?
2.“l(fā)eave for+地點”表示“動身去某地”。例如:
Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五,愛麗斯要去倫敦了。
3.“l(fā)eave+地點+for+地點”表示“離開某地去某地”。例如:
Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你為什么要離開上海去北京?
2) 情態(tài)動詞should“應(yīng)該”學(xué)會使用
should作為情態(tài)動詞用,常常表示意外、驚奇、不能理解等,有“竟會”的意思,例如:
How should I know? 我怎么知道?
Why should you be so late today? 你今天為什么來得這么晚?
should有時表示應(yīng)當(dāng)做或發(fā)生的事,例如:
We should help each other.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)互相幫助。
我們在使用時要注意以下幾點:
1. 用于表示“應(yīng)該”或“不應(yīng)該”的概念。常指長輩教導(dǎo)或責(zé)備晚輩。例如:
You should be here with clean hands. 你應(yīng)該把手洗干凈了再來。
2.用于提出意見勸導(dǎo)別人。例如:
You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果感覺不舒服,你最好去看醫(yī)生。
3. 用于表示可能性。should的這一用法是考試中常常出現(xiàn)的考點之一。例如:
We should arrive by supper time. 我們在晚飯前就能到了。
She should be here any moment. 她隨時都可能來。
3) What...? 與 Which...?
1. what 與 which 都是疑問代詞,都可以指人或事物,但是what僅用來詢問職業(yè)。如:
What is your father? 你父親是干什么的?
該句相當(dāng)于:
What does your father do?
What is your fathers job?
Which 指代的是特定范圍內(nèi)的某一個人。如:
---Which is Peter? 哪個是皮特?
---The boy behind Mary. 瑪麗背后的那個男孩。
2.What...? 是泛指,所指的事物沒有范圍的限制;而 Which...? 是特指,所指的事物有范圍的限制。如:
What color do you like best?(所有顏色)你最喜愛什么顏色?
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow?
你最喜愛哪一種顏色? (有特定的范圍)
3. what 與 which 后都可以接單、復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。如:
Which pictures are from China? 哪些圖片 來自中國?
4) 頻度副詞的位置
1.常見的頻度副詞有以下這些:
always(總是,一直)
usually(通常)
often(常常,經(jīng)常)
sometimes(有時候)
never(從不)
2.頻度副詞的位置:
a.放在連系動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。如:
David is often arrives late for school.大衛(wèi)上學(xué)經(jīng)常遲到。
b.放在行為動詞前。如:
We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.我們每天經(jīng)常在7:10去上學(xué)。
c.有些頻度副詞可放在句首或句尾,用來表示強調(diào)。如:
Sometimes I walk home, sometime I ride a bike.
有時我步行回家,有時我騎自行車。
3.never放在句首時,主語、謂語動詞要倒裝。如:
Never have I been there.我從沒到過那兒。
5) every day 與 everyday
1. every day 作狀語,譯為“每一天”。如:
We go to school at 7:10 every day.
我們每天7:10去上學(xué)。
I decide to read English every day.
我決定每天讀英語。
2. everyday 作定語,譯為“日常的”。
She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.
她晚飯后在電視上看日常英語。
Whats your everyday activity? 你的日;顒邮鞘裁矗
6) 什么是助動詞
1.協(xié)助主要動詞構(gòu)成謂語動詞詞組的詞叫助動詞(Auxiliary Verb)。被協(xié)助的動詞稱作主要動詞(Main Verb)。助動詞自身沒有詞義,不可單獨使用。例如:
He doesnt like English. 他不喜歡英語。
(doesnt是助動詞,無詞義;like是主要動詞,有詞義)
2.助動詞協(xié)助主要動詞完成以下功用,可以用來:
a. 表示時態(tài),例如:
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已結(jié)婚。
b. 表示語態(tài),例如:
He was sent to England. 他被派往英國。
c. 構(gòu)成疑問句,例如:
Do you like college life? 你喜歡大學(xué)生活嗎?
Did you study English before you came here?你來這兒之前學(xué)過英語嗎?
d. 與否定副詞not合用,構(gòu)成否定句,例如:
I dont like him. 我不喜歡他。
e. 加強語氣,例如:
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定來參加晚會。
He did know that. 他的確知道那件事。
3.最常用的助動詞有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
7) forget doing/to do與remember doing/to do
1.forget to do忘記要去做某事(未做);forget doing忘記做過某事(已做)
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
辦公室的燈還在亮著,它忘記關(guān)了。(沒有做關(guān)燈的動作)
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。 ( 已做過關(guān)燈的動作)
Dont forget to come tomorrow.
別忘了明天來。 (to come動作未做)
典型例題
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh,I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案:C。由the light is still on 可知燈亮著,即關(guān)燈的動作沒有發(fā)生,因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了,而自己忘記了這一事實。此處不符合題意。
2.remember to do記得去做某事(未做);
remember doing記得做過某事(已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。
Dont you remember seeing the man before? 你不記得以前見過那個人嗎?
8) Its for sb.和 Its of sb.
1.for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特點,表示客觀形式的形容詞,如:
easy, hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等:
Its very hard for him to study two languages. 對他來說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的。
2.of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞。如:
good, kind, nice, foolish, right。
Its very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我,你真是太好了。
3.for 與of 的辨別方法:
用介詞后面的代詞作主語,用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語,造個句子。如果道理上通順用of,不通則用for。如:
You are nice. (通順,所以應(yīng)用of)。
He is hard. (人是困難的,不通,因此應(yīng)用for。)
9) 對兩個句子的提問
新目標(biāo)英語在命題中有將對句子劃線提問這一題型取消的趨勢,現(xiàn)在采取的作法是對一個句子進(jìn)行自由提問。例如:
句子:The boy in blue has three pens.
提問:1. Who has three pens?
2. Which boy has three pens?
3. What does the boy in blue have?
4. How many pens does the boy in blue have?
很顯然,學(xué)生多了更多的回答角度,也體現(xiàn)了考試的靈活性。再如:
句子:He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.
提問:1. Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
2. Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
3. What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
4. With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?
5. What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?
6. When does he usually go to the park with his friends?
10) so、such與不定冠詞的使用
1.so與不定冠詞a、an連用,結(jié)構(gòu)為“so+形容詞+a/an+名詞”。如:
He is so funny a boy.
Jim has so big a house.
2.such與不定冠詞a、an連用,結(jié)構(gòu)為“such+a/an+形容詞+名詞”。如:
It is such a nice day.
That was such an interesting story.
11) 使用-ing分詞的幾種情況
1.在進(jìn)行時態(tài)中。如:
He is watching TV in the room.
They were dancing at nine oclock last night.
2.在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:
There is a boy swimming in the river.
3.在have fun/problems結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:
We have fun learning English this term.
They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.在介詞后面。如:
Thanks for helping me.
Are you good at playing basketball?
5.在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中:
enjoy doing sth 樂于做某事
finish doing sth 完成做某事
feel like doing sth 想要做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事
forget doing sth 忘記做過某事
go on doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事
remember doing sth 記得做過某事
like doing sth 喜歡做某事
keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事
find sb doing sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事
see/hear/watch sb doing sth
看到/聽到/觀看某人做某事
try doing sth 試圖做某事
need doing sth 需要做某事
prefer doing sth 寧愿做某事
mind doing sth 介意做某事
miss doing sth 錯過做某事
practice doing sth 練習(xí)做某事
be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
cant help doing sth 禁不住做某事
12) 英語中的“單數(shù)”
1.主語的第三人稱單數(shù)形式,即可用“he, she, it”代替的。如:
he,she, it,my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Marys uncle
2.名詞有單數(shù)名詞和復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如:
man(單數(shù))---men(復(fù)數(shù)) banana(單數(shù))---bananas(復(fù)數(shù))
3.動詞有原形,第三人稱單數(shù)形式,-ing分詞,過去式,過去分詞。如:
go---goes---going---went---gone
work---works---working---worked---worked
watch---watches---watching---watched---watched
當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)的時候,謂語動詞必須用相應(yīng)的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如:
The boy wants to be a sales assistant.
Our English teacher is from the US.
Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.
13) 名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成的幾種形式
名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成可分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。
I 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化
1.一般在名詞詞尾加-s。如:
pear---pears hamburger---hamburgers
desk---desks tree---trees
2.以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x結(jié)尾的名詞,詞尾加-es。如:
class---classes dish---dishes
watch---watches box---boxes
3.以字母-o結(jié)尾的某些名詞,詞尾加-es。如:
potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes
Negro---Negroes hero---heroes
4.以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞,將-y變?yōu)?i,再加-es。如:
family---families dictionary---dictionaries
city---cities country---countries
5.以字母-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞,將-f或-fe變?yōu)?v,再加-es。如:
half---halves leaf---leaves
thief---thieves knife---knives
self---selves wife---wives
life---lives wolf---wolves
shelf---shelves loaf---loaves
但是:
scarf---scarves(fes) roof---roofs
serf---serfs gulf---gulfs
chief---chiefs proof---proofs
belief---beliefs
II 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化
1.將-oo改為--ee。如:
foot---feet tooth---teeth
2.將-man改為-men。如:
man---men woman---women
policeman---policemen postman---postmen
3.添加詞尾。如:
child---children
4.單復(fù)數(shù)同形。如:
sheep---sheep deer---deer
fish---fish people---people
5.表示“某國人”的單、復(fù)數(shù)變化。即“中日瑞不變英法變,其它國把-s加后面”。如:
Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese Swiss---Swiss
Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen
American---Americans Australian---Australians
Canadian---Canadians Korean---Koreans
Russian---Russians Indian---Indians
6.其它。如:
mouse---mice
apple tree---apple trees
man teacher---men teachers
14) 雙寫最后一個字母的-ing分詞
初中階段常見的有以下這些:
1.let→letting 讓 hit→hitting 打、撞
cut→cutting 切、割 get→getting 取、得到
sit→sitting 坐 forget→forgetting 忘記
put→putting 放 set→setting 設(shè)置
babysit→babysitting 臨時受雇照顧嬰兒
2.shop→shopping 購物 trip→tripping 絆
stop→stopping 停止 drop→dropping 放棄
3.travel→travel(l)ing 旅游 swim→swimming 游泳
run→running 跑步 dig→digging 挖、掘
begin→beginning 開始 prefer→preferring 寧愿
plan→planning 計劃
15) 肯定句變否定句及疑問句要變化的一些詞
1.some變?yōu)閍ny。如:
There are some birds in the tree.→There arent any birds in the tree.
但是,若在表示請邀請、請求的句子中,some可以不變。如:
Would you like some orange juice?
與此相關(guān)的一些不定代詞如something, somebody等也要進(jìn)行相應(yīng)變化。
2.and變?yōu)閛r。如:
I have a knife and a ruler.→I dont have a knife or a ruler.
3.a lot of (=lots of)變?yōu)閙any或much。如:
They have a lot of friends.(可數(shù)名詞)→They dont have many friends.
There is lots of orange in the bottle.(不可數(shù)名詞)
→There isnt much orange in the bottle.
4.already變?yōu)閥et。如:
I have been there already.→I havent been there yet.
16) in與after
in 與 after 都可以表示時間,但二者有所區(qū)別。
1.in 經(jīng)常用于將來時的句子中,以現(xiàn)在為起點,表示將來一段時間。如:
He will leave for Beijing in a week. 一周后他會動身去北京。
2.after 經(jīng)常用于過去時的句子中,以過去為起點,表示過去一段時間。如:
He left for Beijing after a week. 一周后他動身去了北京。
不過,如果after后跟的是具體的時刻,它也可用于將來時。如:
We will finish the work after ten oclock.十點后我們會完成工作的。
3.注意區(qū)分以下的in的用法。
Ill visit him in a week. 一周后我會去拜訪他。
Ill visit him twice in a week. 一周內(nèi)我會去拜訪他兩次。
17) 不定冠詞a與an的使用
1.a 用在以輔音音素開頭的單詞前。如:
There is a "b" in the word "book". 單詞book中有個字母b。
類似的字母還有:c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。
She has a small knife. 她有一把小刀。
2.an 用于以元音音素開頭的單詞前。如:
There is an "i" in the word "onion". 單詞onion中有個字母i。
類似的字母還有:a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。
Do you have an umbrella? 你有一把雨傘嗎?
3.以元音字母開頭的單詞前面不一定都用an;以輔音字母開頭的單詞前面也不一定都用a。如:
a useful book a universe
a one-letter word an hour
an uncle an umbrella
an honest person
18) 如何表達(dá)英語中的“穿、戴”?
英語中表示“穿、戴”的表達(dá)方法有好幾種,常見的有以下這些:
1.put on 主要表達(dá)“穿”的動作。如:
He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。
Youd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。
2.wear 主要表示“穿、戴”的狀態(tài)。如:
The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴著一副眼鏡。
The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿著一條紅色的短裙。
3.dress 可作及物動詞,有“給......穿衣”的意思,后接“人”,而不是“衣服”。如:
Please dress the children right now.請立即給孩子們穿上衣服。
dress 也可作不及物動詞,表示衣著的習(xí)慣。如:
The woman always dresses in green.那位婦女總是穿綠色的衣服。
4.be in 表示穿著的狀態(tài)。如:
John is in white today.約翰今天穿白色的衣服。
The man in black is a football coach.
19) a little, a few 與 a bit (of)
a little, a few 與 a bit (of) 都有“一些、少量”的意義。他們的區(qū)別:
1.a little 意為“一些、少量”,后接不可數(shù)名詞。如:
There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一點水。
還可以接形容詞。如:
He is a little shy. 他有些害羞。
2.a few 意為“一些、少數(shù)”,后接復(fù)數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞。如:
There are a few people in the room. 房間里有一些人。
3.a bit 意為“一點兒”,后接形容詞。如:
Its a bit cold. 有點冷。
a bit of 后接不可數(shù)名詞。如:
He has a bit of money. 他有一點兒錢。
4.a little和a few表肯定意義,little和few表否定意義。如:
There is a little soda in the glass. 杯子里有一點兒汽水。
There is little soda in the glass. 杯子里幾乎沒有汽水了。
I have a few Chinese friends. 我有一些中國朋友。
Few people like him. 幾乎沒有人喜歡他。
5.a little = a bit of, 后接不可數(shù)名詞;
a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 后接形容詞,意為“有點兒”。
20) 關(guān)于like的用法
like 可以作動詞,也可以作介詞。
1.like 作動詞,表示一般性的“愛好、喜歡”,有泛指的含義。如:
Do you like the color? 你喜愛這種顏色嗎?
like 后可接不定式(like to do sth),也可接動詞的-ing分詞(like doing sth),有時意思不盡相同。如:
She likes eating apples.她喜愛吃蘋果。(習(xí)慣)
She likes to eat an apple.她喜愛吃一粒蘋果。(平常不喜歡吃)
like 與 would 連用,后接不定式,表示愿望或客氣的請求。如:
Would you like a cup of tea? 您愿意喝杯茶嗎?
“喜歡某人做某事”可以用結(jié)構(gòu)“l(fā)ike sb to do sth/doing sth”。如:
They all like me to sing/singing English songs. 他們都喜歡我唱英文歌。
2.like 作介詞,可譯成“像......”。如:
She is friendly to us like a mother.她對我們友好,就像母親一樣。
It looks like an orange.它看起來像個桔子。
3.區(qū)分以下句子:
A. What does he look like? 他長相如何?(指一個人的外貌特征)
B. What is he like? 他人怎么樣? (指人的性格特點)
C. The boy like Peter is over there. (句指外貌相似)
D. A boy like Peter cant do it. (指性格相似)
21) stop to do sth 與 stop doing sth
1.stop to do sth 意為“停下來去做某事”。如:
The students stop to listen to their teacher. 生們停下來去聽他們老師講話。
2.stop doing sth 意為“停止做某事”。如:
The students stopped talking. 學(xué)生們停止了談話。
與它們相反的句式是:go on to do sth “繼續(xù)做某事(與剛才一事不同)”和 go on doing sth “繼續(xù)做某事(與剛才同一件事)”。如:
He finishes his homework and goes on to study English.
他完成了作業(yè),接著繼續(xù)去念英語。
They went on playing games. 他們繼續(xù)玩游戲。
22) tell, speak, say 與 talk
1.tell 意為“告訴、講述”,指某人把某一件事、一條信息傳送給別人或講述一件事。如:
He tells me that he wants to be a teacher. 他告訴我說他想成為一位教師。
Father always tells interesting stories to us.爸爸總是給我們講有趣的故事。
tell sb sth 意為“告知某人某事”。如:
He told me something about his past. 他告訴我一些他的往事。
tell sb to do sth 意為“告訴某人去做某事”。如:
David told his son to do the homework. 大衛(wèi)要他的兒子去做作業(yè)。
2.speak 意為“說話、講話”,后面主要接語言。如:
He can speak English and a little Chinese. 他能講英語和一點漢語。
speak to 意為“和.....講話、談話”。如:
Can I speak to Mr Zhang? 我能和張先生講話嗎?
speak of 意為“提到、說起”。如:
The book speaks of my hometown. 那本書提到我的家鄉(xiāng)。
3.talk 意為“談話、講話”,如果只有一方對另一方說話時,一般用 talk to;如果雙方或多方交談,多用 with。如:
Please talk to him right now. 請立即同他談話。
He is talking with his friend. 他在和朋友交談。
talk about 意為“談?wù)?.....”。如:
They are talking about the movie. 他們在談?wù)撃遣侩娪啊?/p>
have a talk with 意為“與......交談”。如:
Can I have a talk with you? 我可以和你交談嗎?
4.say 意為“說”。如:
Can you say it in English once more? 你能用英語再說一遍嗎?
say to 意為“對......說”。如:
He said to his students that they would have a test.
他對他的學(xué)生說他們將有一個測試。
It is said that... 意為“據(jù)說”。如:
It is said that he could stay under the water for a long time.
據(jù)說他能呆在水里很長時間。
23) Excuse me! 與 Im sorry!
1. Excuse me! 意為“打攪了!對不起!”,一般是為了與陌生人搭話,或者要打斷對方所說(做)的事。如:
Excuse me, is there a hotel in the neighborhood? 請問,附近有旅館嗎?
Excuse me, could I say something? 打攪一下,我能說一些嗎?
2. Im sorry! 意為“對不起!”,表示道歉。如:
Im sorry, Mr Zhang. I wont do it again. 對不起,張先生。我不會這么做了。
24) 表示時間的 in、on 與 at
in, on 與 at 都可以和表示時間的詞(組)連用。
1.in 表示時間的一段或較長的時間。如:
in the morning 在上午 in May, 2004 在2004年五月
in a week 在一周之內(nèi)(后)
Its Sunday, I can finish it in two days.
現(xiàn)在是星期天,我能在兩天后完成。(星期二)
Rome was not built in a day. 羅馬不是在一天內(nèi)建起來的。
2. n 主要指在具體的一天。如:
on Sunday 在星期天 on May Day 在“五一”節(jié)
on a hot afternoon 在一個炎熱的下午
He arrived in Beijing on April 26,2004. 他于2004年4月26日到達(dá)北京。
3.at 表示時間的一點或比較短的時間。如:
at 8:00 在八點 at noon 在中午
I always get up at 6:00 every morning. 我總是每天早晨六點起床。
Its always warm at this time of year. 每年的這個時候總是暖和的。
25) Other及其用法
Other 及其相近的詞(組),如 others, the other, the others, another, any other 等,一直是中學(xué)生朋友們比較困擾的問題,平常的考試、作業(yè)中經(jīng)常出錯。下面是它們的一些用法:
1.other 指其余的人或物,所有格是 others,復(fù)數(shù)形式是 others;the other 指“兩個人或物中的另一個”,其復(fù)數(shù)形式是 the others;others相當(dāng)于“other + 名詞”,所以不能充當(dāng)定語,修飾名詞。others指整體中去掉一部分后剩余的部分,但不是全部的,即 some...others (一些...其余的人...);the others 強調(diào)整體中除去一部分后剩余的全部,即some...the others.
2.another泛指三個以上的不定數(shù)目中的“另外一個”。由 an 和 other 合并構(gòu)成,所以不能和冠詞連用。another 修飾單數(shù)名詞,比如:another pencil.
3.any other 指除去本身以外的“任何其他的人或物”,后面要用名詞的單
數(shù)形式。
26) look 短語
常見的look短語有以下這些:
1.look at 朝......看 (look at=have a look at)
Please look at the map of China.請看中國地圖。
2.look for 尋找
The old man is looking for his dog. 老人在尋找他的狗。
3.look like 看起來像
Nancy looks like her mother. 南希看起來像她母親。
4.look the same 看上去一樣
Li Ping and Li Jing look the same. 李萍和李晶看上去一樣。
5.look up 查找
Please look up the word in the dictionary.請在詞典中查找這個單詞。
6.look over 仔細(xì)檢查
The doctor looked over Mary carefully. 醫(yī)生仔細(xì)檢查了瑪麗。
7.look after 照顧,照看
You must look after your old father. 你必須照顧你的老父親。
8.look around 到處尋找、查看
We looked around, but we found nothing strange.
我們四處查看,但是我們沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)奇怪的東西。
27) too,also與either
1.too用于肯定句和疑問句,一般放在句尾,其前常加逗號。如:
We are in the same school, too. 我們也在相同的學(xué)校。
Do you play soccer every day, too? 你也每天踢足球嗎?
2.also用于肯定句和疑問句,一般位于實義動詞前、be動詞后。如:
Sandra is also a Korean student. Sandra 也是一個韓國學(xué)生。
3.either用于否定句,一般放在句末。如:
They dont know the answer, either. 她們也不知道答案。
4.as well as也有“也”的意思。如:
We have great mushroom pizza as well as soda.
He is a happy boy as well.
28) hard與hardly
1.hard既可作形容詞,也可作副詞。如:
Its a hard (adj.) question. (=difficult) 這是一個難的問題。
The boy studies very hard (adv.). 那男孩學(xué)習(xí)非常努力。
句子結(jié)構(gòu):Its hard for sb to do sth 做某事對某人來說是難的。如:
Its hard for him to finish the work. 完成那項工作對他來說很難。
注意區(qū)分:hard work 困難的工作
work hard 努力工作
2.hardly是頻度副詞,表示否定的意思。(=almost not)通常用在形容詞、副詞和動詞之前。如:
I can hardly see it. 我?guī)缀蹩床坏剿?/p>
29) sometime,sometimes,some time與some times
記憶:sometimes(有時)some times(好幾次)sometime(某一次)some time(一段) 口訣:有s是有時,有時分開好幾次,無s是某時,某時分開是一段。
1.sometime是時間副詞,指不確定的將來或過去某一點時間(某時候或任何時候),不指一段時間。如:
Well go to Beijing sometime next month. 我們下個月某一時候會去北京。
2.sometimes是頻度副詞,指“有時”、“不時”的意思(=at times)。如:
Sometimes I get up very late on Sunday morning.
有時候我在星期天早晨起得很晚。
3.some time是名詞詞組,指一段時間(一些時間或若干時間)。如:
It took him some time to finish the book.她花了一些時間去完成作業(yè)。
4.some times指“幾次”。如:
He met the woman some times last month. 上個月他見過那婦女幾次。
30) exercise的一些用法
1.作不及物動詞,譯為“運動,鍛煉”。如:
David exercises every morning. 大衛(wèi)每天早晨進(jìn)行鍛煉。
2.作及物動詞,譯為“訓(xùn)練”。如:
Swimming exercises the whole body. 游泳能使身體得到全面的鍛煉。
3.作名詞,譯為“體育鍛煉、運動、體操、練習(xí)題”等。如:
Its good to do eye exercises every day. 每天做眼保鍵操對眼睛有好處。
Please do more exercise from now on. 從今以后請多做運動吧。
I have lots of homework to do tonight. 今晚我有很多的作業(yè)要做。
4.注意:exercise指具體運動或體操時是可數(shù)名詞,復(fù)數(shù)形式為exercises;泛指運動時是不可數(shù)名詞。
31) maybe與may be
1.maybe是副詞,譯為“也許、可能”,相當(dāng)于“perhaps”。如:
Maybe he can answer the question. 也許他能回答那個問題。
He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可能也來自美國。
2.may be中的may為情態(tài)動詞,譯為“可能是......”。如:
He may be from the USA, too. 他可能也來自美國。
She may be our English teacher. 她可能是我們的英語老師。
32) same與different
1.same指“相同的”,前面通常要有一個定冠詞the,但是如果same前面已經(jīng)有this,those等詞,就不能再與the連用了。如:
We are in the same class. 我們在同一個班級。
結(jié)構(gòu):the same as 與......一樣 如:
His mark is the same as mine. 他的分?jǐn)?shù)和我的分?jǐn)?shù)一樣。
2.different譯為“不同的”,其后的可數(shù)名詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
We are in different classes. 我們在不同的班級。
結(jié)構(gòu):be different from 與......不同 如:
This sweater is different from that one. 這件毛衣與那一件不同。
different的名詞形式為difference, 復(fù)數(shù)形式為differences。
33) 動詞want的用法
1. want sth. 想要某物
They want some help. 他們需要一些幫助。
2. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人去做某事
My father wants me to help him on the farm. 我父親要我在農(nóng)場上幫他。
3. want to do sth. 想要做某事
I want to study English in England. 我想要在英國學(xué)習(xí)英語。
4.want doing 需要...
Your sweater wants washing. 你的運動衣該洗了。
34) be good(bad) for、be good at的相關(guān)用法
1.be good for 對......有益
Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早操對你們的建康有益。
2.be good at 擅長于......
Li Ping is good at basketball. 李平擅長于籃球。
= Li Ping is good at playing basketball. 李平擅長于打籃球。
be good at = do well in 如:
Im good at math. = I do well in math. 我擅長于數(shù)學(xué)。
3.be good to 對......好
Parents are always good to their children. 父母親總是對他們的孩子好。
35) how many與how much
1.how many表示“多少”,對數(shù)量提問,后面接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
There are four people in my family.
---How many people are in your family? 你家里有幾個人?
We have seven classes every day.
---How many classes do you have every day? 你們每天上幾節(jié)課?
2.how much也是表示“多少”,但它對不可數(shù)名詞進(jìn)行提問。如:
There is some milk in the bottle.
---How much milk is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少牛奶?
3.how much還可以對價格提問,表示“多少錢”的意思。如:
The yellow T-shirt is only 35 yuan.
---How much is the yellow T-shirt? 那件黃色的T恤衫多少錢?
36) with的幾個用法
1.with表“和、同、與”。如:
Can you go to the park with me? 你能和我一起去公園嗎?
2.with表“用、以、被”。如:
Dont write with the red pen. 不要用那支紅色的鋼筆寫字。
3.with表“隨著”。如:
Climate varies with the time of the year. 氣候隨著時令的不同而不同。
4.with表“帶有、有......的”。如:
The girl with long hair is my classmate. 長頭發(fā)的女孩是我的同學(xué)。
5.with表“因為、由于”。如:
They were angry with hard work. 他們因為艱難的工作而生氣。
6.一些with結(jié)構(gòu):
play with 與......一起玩
be angry with 對......生氣
talk with 與......交談
get on well with與......相處融洽
37) a lot of(lots of)與many,much
1.a lot of意為“許多、大量”,相當(dāng)于lots of.它既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞,又
可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如:
I have a lot of friends in China. 我在中國有很多朋友。
The old man has lots of money. 那位老人有很多的錢。
2.many意為“許多”.它用來修飾可數(shù)名詞。如:
Do you have many beautiful skirts? 你有很多漂亮的裙子嗎?
3.much意為“大量”.它用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如:
There is much water in the lake. 湖里有大量的水。
4.a lot of(=lots of)用在肯定句中,而many,much不受限制。如果將一個含有a lot of(=lots of)的肯定句改為否定句或疑問句,要將它們改為many或much。如:
We can see a lot of birds in the tree.
---We cant see many birds in the tree. 我們在樹上看不到很多鳥兒。
He wants lots of soda.
---Does he want much soda? 他需要許多汽水嗎?
38) help用法舉例
help既可以作名詞,也可以作動詞。
1.help作名詞,意為“幫助”。如:
He needs some help. 他需要一些幫助。
2.help作動詞,也是“幫助”的意思。如:
Can you help me? 你能幫幫我嗎?
3.help的結(jié)構(gòu):
help sb (to) do sth 幫助某人做某事
=help sb with sth 幫助某人做某事
如:They want to help the boy carry the heavy box.
=They want to help the boy with the heavy box.
他們想要幫助那位男孩搬那個重箱子。
39) well的用法
well可以作副詞,也可以作形容詞。
1.well作副詞,意為“(某事干得)好”。如:
The boy draws very well. 男孩畫得很好。
2.well作形容詞,意為“健康、安好”。如:
Im not feeling well. 我覺得不舒服。
40) ago與before
ago與before都表示“......以前”,但用法有所區(qū)別。
1.ago意為“以前”,表示從此刻算起的若干時間之前,常用于過去時的句子中。如:
He took a photo a week ago. 他一周前照了一張相片。
2.before作為副詞時表示:
a.從過去某一時刻算起的若干時間以前,用于過去完成時的句子中。如:
The boy had already seen the comedy before.
那男孩以前已經(jīng)看過那部喜劇片了。
b.籠統(tǒng)的“以前”,用于一般過去時或現(xiàn)在完成時的句子中,一般單獨使用,而ago不可以單獨使用。如:
Hes read this novel before. 他以前讀過這部小說。
41) need的用法
1.need作實義動詞,意為“需要”。如:
Do you need to stay at home? 你要呆在家里嗎?
2.need作情態(tài)動詞,一般用于對must的否定回答。如:
---Must he leave now? 他必須離開嗎?
---No, he neednt. 不,他不必。
3.區(qū)分:
a.need作實義動詞。
He needs to go.
He doesnt need to go.
Does he need to go?
Yes, he does./No, he doesnt.
b.need作情態(tài)動詞,一般不用于肯定句。
He neednt go.
Need he go?
Yes, he need./No, he neednt.
42) decide的幾種句式
1.decide to do sth 決定去做某事
They decide to fly kite on weekend. 他們決定在周末去放風(fēng)箏。
2.decide on doing sth 決定做某事
They decide on flying kites. 他們決定放風(fēng)箏。
3.decide on sth 就某事決定......
Betty decided on the red skirt. 貝蒂選定了那條紅裙子。
4.decide的名詞形式為decision,結(jié)構(gòu):make a decision,意為“做決定”。如:
He has made a decision. 他已經(jīng)做一個決定了。
43) too many,too much與much too
1.too many意為“太多”,用于修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。如:
There are too many students in our class. 我們班上有太多的學(xué)生。
2.too much意為“太多”,用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如:
We have too much work to do. 我們有太多的工作要做。
3.much too表示“太”,用來修飾形容詞或副詞。如:
The box is much too heavy, so I cant carry it.
箱子太重了,所以我搬不動它。
44) can的用法
1.表示能力。如:
We can carry the heavy box. 我們可以搬得動箱子。
Who can sing an English song? 誰會唱英文歌?
2.表示驚訝、不相信等態(tài)度,主要用于否定句和疑問句中。如:
Can it be true? 這會是真的嗎?
You cant be serious? 你不會當(dāng)真吧?
3.表示允許,意思與may相近,主要用于口語中。如:
Can I smoke here? 我可以在這兒吸煙嗎?
Can I go with him? 我可以跟他一起去嗎?
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