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情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法

時(shí)間:2023-05-06 16:59:54 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 我要投稿

關(guān)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法

   情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是高考考查的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目之一,2005年全國(guó)17套高考試題對(duì)此都有考查,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的看法、態(tài)度等,它在英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中屬于最難把握的一類。

關(guān)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法

  情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,屬于助動(dòng)詞的一種。首先我們來(lái)看看助動(dòng)詞。

  概 說(shuō)

  助動(dòng)詞(auxiliary)主要有兩類:基本助動(dòng)詞(primary auxiliary)和情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞(modal auxiliary);局鷦(dòng)詞有三個(gè):do, have和be;情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞有十三個(gè):may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to. 上述兩類助動(dòng)詞的共同特征是,在協(xié)助主動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成限定動(dòng)詞詞組時(shí),具有作用詞的功能:

  1) 構(gòu)成否定式:

  He didn't go and neither did she.

  The meeting might not start until 5 o'clock.

  2) 構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)式或附加疑問(wèn)式:

  Must you leave right now?

  You have been learning French for 5 years, haven't you?

  3) 構(gòu)成修辭倒裝:

  Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister.

  Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.

  4) 代替限定動(dòng)詞詞組:

  A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle?

  B: Tom can.

  A: Shall I write to him?

  B: Yes, do.

  情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的特征

  基本助動(dòng)詞與情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞最主要的區(qū)別之一是,基本助動(dòng)詞本身沒(méi)有詞義,而情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞則有自己的詞義,能表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)有關(guān)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的看法,或表示主觀設(shè)想:

  What have you been doing since? (構(gòu)成完成進(jìn)行體,本身無(wú)詞義)

  I am afraid I must be going. (一定要)

  You may have read some account of the matter. (或許已經(jīng))

  除此之外,情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞還有如下詞法和句法特征:

  1) 除ought和used以外,其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面只能接不帶to的不定式,中小學(xué)英語(yǔ)《情態(tài)動(dòng)詞》。如果我們把ought to和used to看做是固定詞組的話,那么,所有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)一例外地只能接不帶to的不定式:

  We used to grow beautiful roses.

  I asked if he would come and repair my television set.

  2) 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞在限定動(dòng)詞詞組總總是位居第一:

  They need not have been punished so severely.

  3) 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞用于第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)候,沒(méi)有詞形變化,即其詞尾無(wú)-s形式:

  She dare not say what she thinks.

  4) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有非限定形式,即沒(méi)有不定式、-ing分詞和-ed分詞形式:

  Still, she needn't have run away.

  5) 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的“時(shí)”的形式并不是時(shí)間區(qū)別的主要標(biāo)志。在不少場(chǎng)合,情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)形式都可以表示現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)時(shí)間:

  Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something?

  She told him he ought not to have done it.

  6) 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞之間是相互排斥的,即在一個(gè)限定動(dòng)詞詞組中只能出現(xiàn)一個(gè)情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞,但有時(shí)卻可以與have和be基本助動(dòng)詞連用:

  You should have washed the wound.

  Well, you shouldn't be reading a novel.

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