中學英語200組積極詞匯辨析小結A

中學英語200組積極詞匯辨析小結

　　1. clothes, cloth, clothing

　　clothes統(tǒng)指各種衣服，謂語動詞永遠是復數(shù)， cloth指布，為不可數(shù)名詞 clothing 服裝的總稱，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of

　　2. incident, accident

　　incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident.

　　3. amount, number

　　amount后接不可數(shù)名詞， number后接可數(shù)名詞 a number of students

　　4. family, house, home

　　home 家，包括住處和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成員. My family is a happy one.

　　5. sound, voice, noise

　　sound自然界各種各樣的聲音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.

　　6. photo, picture, drawing

　　photo用照相機拍攝的照片，picture可指相片，圖片，電影片，drawing畫的畫

　　Let's go and see a good picture.

　　7. vocabulary, word

　　vocabulary詞匯，一個人擁有的單詞量，word具體的單詞He has a large vocabulary.

　　8. population, people

　　population人口，人數(shù)，people具體的人 China has a large population.

　　9. weather, climate

　　weather一天內具體的天氣狀況，climate長期的氣候狀況 The climate here is not good for you.

　　10. road, street, path, way

　　road具體的公路，馬路，street街道，path小路，小徑，way道路，途徑

　　take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum.

　　11. course, subject

　　course課程（可包括多門科目），subject科目（具體的學科）a summer course

　　12. custom, habit

　　custom傳統(tǒng)風俗，習俗，也可指生活習慣，后接to do， habit生活習慣，習慣成自然，后接of doing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot.

　　13. cause, reason

　　cause 指造成某一事實或現(xiàn)象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth，reason用來解釋某種現(xiàn)象或結果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late

　　14. exercise, exercises, practice

　　exercise運動，鍛煉（不可數(shù)），exercises練習（可數(shù)），practice（反復做的）練習

　　Practice makes perfect.

　　15. class, lesson

　　作"課"解時,兩者可以替換.指課文用lesson. 指班級或全體學生用class. lesson 6; class 5

　　16. speech, talk, lecture

　　speech指在公共場所所做的經過準備的較正式的演說，talk日常生活中的一般的談話，講話，lecture學術性的演講，講課 a series of lecture on…

　　17. officer, official

　　officer部隊的軍官，official政府官員 an army officer

　　18. work, job

　　二者均指工作。work不可數(shù)，job可數(shù) a good job

　　19. couple, pair

　　couple主要指人或動物，pair多指由兩部分組成的東西 a pair of trousers

　　20. country, nation, state, land

　　country側重指版圖，疆域，nation指人民，國民，民族，state側重指政府，政體，land國土，國家 The whole nation was sad at the news.

　　21. cook, cooker

　　cook廚師，cooker廚具 He is a good cook.

　　22. damage, damages

　　damage不可數(shù)名詞, 損害，損失; damages復數(shù)形式, 賠償金 $900 damages

　　23. police, policeman

　　police警察的總稱，后接復數(shù)謂語動詞，policeman 指某個具體的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house.

　　24. problem, question

　　problem常和困難連系，前面的動詞常為think about, solve, raise，question常和疑問連系，多和ask, answer連用

　　25. man, a man

　　man人類，a man一個男人 Man will conquer nature.

　　26. chick, chicken

　　二者均可指小雞，chicken還可以當雞肉 The chicken is delicious.

　　27. telegram, telegraph

　　當電報解時，telegram指具體的，telegraph指抽象的 a telegram, by telegraph

　　28. trip, journey, travel, voyage

　　travel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍長的旅途，voyage指海上航行a three-day trip

　　29. sport, game

　　sport多指戶外的游戲或娛樂活動，如打球，游泳，打獵，賽馬等；game指決定勝負的游戲，通常有一套規(guī)則 His favorite sport is swimming.

　　30. price, prize

　　price價格，prize獎，獎品，獎金 win the first prize The price is high/low.

　　31. a number of, the number of

　　a number of許多，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。the number of…的數(shù)目，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The number of students is increasing.

　　32. in front of, in the front of

　　in front of范圍外的前面，in the front of范圍內的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy.

　　33. of the day, of a day

　　of the day每一天的，當時的，當代的， of a day暫時的，不長久的 a famous scientist of the day

　　34. three of us, the three of us

　　three of us我們（不止三個）中的三個，the three of us我們三個（就三個人）The three of us---Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.

　　35. by bus, on the bus

　　by bus表手段，方式，不用冠詞，on the bus表范圍 They went there by bus.

　　36. for a moment, for the moment

　　for a moment 片刻，一會兒，for the moment暫時，一時 Thinking for a moment, he agreed.

　　37. next year, the next year

　　next year將來時間狀語，the next year過去將來時間狀語

　　He said he would go abroad the next year.

　　38. more than a year, more than one year

　　more than a year一年多，more than one year超過一年（兩年或三年等）

　　39. take advice, take the(one's) advice

　　take advice征求意見，take the advice接受忠告 He refused to take the advice and failed again.

　　40. take air, take the air

　　take air傳播，走漏，take the air到戶外去，散步 We take the air every day.

　　41. in a word, in words

　　in a word總之，一句話， in words口頭上 In a word, you are right.

　　42. in place of, in the place of

　　in place of代替，in the place of在…地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one.

　　43. in secret, in the secret

　　in secret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作狀語；in the secret知道內情，知道秘密，

　　一般用作表語 My mother was in the secret from the beginning.

　　44. a girl, one girl

　　a girl可泛指所有女孩, one girl一個女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box?

　　45. take a chair, take the chair

　　take a chair相當于sit down坐下，take the chair開始開會

　　46. go to sea, by sea, by the sea

　　go to sea當海員，出航，by sea乘船，由海路， by the sea在海邊 go by sea

　　47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher

　　the doctor and teacher指一個人，既是醫(yī)生又是老師，the doctor and the teacher兩個人，一個醫(yī)生和一個老師 the doctor and teacher is

　　48. in office, in the office

　　in office在職的，in the office在辦公室

　　里 He is in office, not out of office.

　　49. in bed, on the bed

　　in bed臥在床上，on the bed在床上 The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed.

　　50. in charge of, in the charge of

　　in charge of管理，負責照料， in the charge of由……照料 He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her.

　　51. in class, in the class

　　in class在課上，in the class在班級里 He is the best student in the class.

　　52. on fire, on the fire

　　on fire著火,on the fire在火上 Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire.

　　53. out of question, out of the question

　　out of question毫無疑問的，out of the question不可能的

　　54. a second, the second

　　a second又一，再一，the second第…… He won the second prize.

　　55. by day, by the day

　　by day白天，by the day按天計算 The workers are paid by the day.

　　56. the people, a people

　　the people指人，a people指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people.

　　57. it, one

　　it同一物體，one同類不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.

　　58. that, this

　　that指代上文所提到的，this導出下文所要說的 I was ill.